... roles of PTPRT in hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic function are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder. PTPRT Depression Knockout Tyrosine dephosphorylation Synaptic function Hippocampal neurogenesis Depressive disorder is a major health problem with a high...

... -knockout male mice showed severe subfertility with a defect in sperm motility as well as a significant disorganization in the fibrous sheath. Further, abnormal configuration of doublet microtubules was observed in the Cabyr -knockout spermatozoa, suggesting that the fibrous sheath is important...

... in SR architecture in obscurin knockout mice are also associated with alterations in several SR or SR-associated proteins, such as ankyrin-2 and β-spectrin. Finally, obscurin knockout mice display centralized nuclei in skeletal muscles as a sign of mild myopathy, but have normal sarcomeric structure...

... Knockout Mouse Hippocampus GluR1 GluR4 Synaptic plasticity The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate activates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and kainate receptors. Fast excitatory transmission in the brain is mainly...

..., as well as heterologous organotypic co-cultures of mouse fibroblasts and human keratinocytes, showed that the altered keratinocyte proliferation is caused primarily by CTSL-deficiency in keratinocytes. In the absence of EGF, wild type and CTSL-knockout keratinocytes proliferate with the same rates, while...

... plays a specific role in growth plate morphogenesis and function. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: faessler@biochem.mpg.de ) 8 12 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 Integrin Knockout Cartilage Growth plate Proliferation The major part...

... proliferation, survival and migration through a mechanism independent of its adhesive function. We have generated a conditional knockout mouse strain, in which the gene encoding the β4 integrin subunit ( Itgb4 ) was inactivated only in small stretches of the skin. These mice were viable and permitted...