... to hyperpolarizing during development. Here, we introduce transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) as a new regulator of KCC2 membrane trafficking and functional activation. TGF-β2 controls membrane trafficking, surface expression and activity of KCC2 in developing and mature mouse primary hippocampal neurons...

... barely understood. Here we show that, on the basis of its binding characteristics, the secreted ectodomain of APP (sAPP) is a new member of the heparin-binding growth factor superfamily. Like other of its members, sAPP binds in a bivalent manner to the plasma membrane with two different subdomains. The N...

... for matrix degradation and are formed by cancer and normal cells, respectively. Although initial studies focused on defining the core machinery of these two structures, recent studies have identified inputs from both growth factor and adhesion signaling as crucial for invasive activity. This Commentary...

...Maiko Higuchi; Rina Kihara; Tomohiko Okazaki; Ichiro Aoki; Shiro Suetsugu; Yukiko Gotoh Summary The crosstalk between spatial adhesion signals and temporal soluble signals is key in regulating cellular responses such as cell migration. Here we show that soluble growth factors enhance integrin...

..., the transferrin (Tf) receptor quantitatively recycles to the plasma membrane, whereas the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor undergoes degradation. To determine how Tf and EGF engage these two different pathways we imaged their binding and early endocytic pathway in live cells using total internal reflection...

... in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling for cell survival. This complex was associated with PDGF receptor on the plasma membrane at cell-cell adhesion sites. Thus, the nectin-afadin complex is involved in PDGF-induced cell survival...

... ). Nuclear translocation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for growth factor-induced gene expression and cell cycle entry. EMBO J. 18 , 664 -674. Chang, L. and Karin, M. ( 2001 ). Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 410 , 37 -40. Christen, B. and Slack, J...

...Hisako Muramatsu; Peng Zou; Hiromichi Suzuki; Yoshihiro Oda; Guo-Yun Chen; Nahoko Sakaguchi; Sadatoshi Sakuma; Nobuaki Maeda; Masaharu Noda; Yoshikazu Takada; Takashi Muramatsu Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor that promotes the growth, survival, migration and differentiation of various...

... transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), which is known to control proliferation in epithelial cells, we now demonstrate that in the human HaCaT skin keratinocytes, TGF-β1 downregulated c-Myc, and this blocked proliferation. This also caused a decrease in hTERT expression, which in turn inhibited telomerase...

... cells contain greater amounts of DNA, advancement of ploidy would require induction of cellular DNA synthesis by adding growth factors, such as TGFα, to the culture medium. It was hoped that this would mimic some aspects of PH-induced hepatic DNA synthesis. Also, in some experiments, we added...

... SNAP-25 mediates neurosecretion, we performed a search for proteins that interact with SNAP-25 using a yeast two-hybrid screen. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a SNAP-25-interacting protein that is the rat homologue of mouse hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase...

...Margaret F. Ware; Alan Wells; Douglas A. Lauffenburger ABSTRACT Growth factors stimulate sustained cell migration as well as inducing select acute motility-related events such as membrane ruffling and disruption of focal adhesions. However, an in-depth understanding of the characteristics...

... with serum or serum plus added EGF, single cells showed obvious cathodal migration at 100 mV/mm. Increasing electric field strength enhanced the cathodal directedness of single cell migration. Supplementing serum free medium with growth factors restored the cathodal directed migration of single cells...

... Growth factor CSF-1 M-CSF TNF Cell motility Chemotaxis Fig. 1. Establishing a stable gradient in the Dunn chamber. (a) The Dunn chemotaxis chamber is a modified Helber counting chamber slide. Cells are cultures on coverslips which are inverted onto the slide. Medium in the outer well...

.... The data suggest either that activation of a single MAP kinase subtype is sufficient to elicit a complete nuclear response, or that other uncharac-terised routes exist. * Author for correspondence 25 07 1995 06 09 1995 © 1995 by Company of Biologists 1995 growth factor UV...

... in the regulation of the latter process are unknown, we investigated possible modulating effects of the cytokines epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) on both collagen phagocytosis and the release of collagenase...

... arborized system of duct-like structures, which in appropriate sections were seen to contain a central lumen. The effect of fibroblast conditioned medium was completely abrogated by antibodies against hepatocyte growth factor (also known as scatter factor), a fibroblast-derived polypeptide that we have...

...B. A. Panaretto © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 growth factor signalling cytoplasm specificity Significant advances have been made during the last decade in the structure of growth factors, the cloning of their membrane receptors, recognition of autophosphorylation...

... to >100-fold TN induction in response to fibroblast growth factors (aFGF, bFGF, K-FGF) and phorbol ester, independent of changes in cell proliferation or total protein synthesis; no induction is seen in PNET cultures stimulated with serum or other growth and differentiation factors. (2) Normal melanocytes...

... that the progression into S from either G 0 or G 1 are distinct processes with specific patterns of gene expression. * Author for correspondence 19 07 1993 11 11 1993 © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 mitogen growth factor immediate early gene delayed early gene cell cycle gene...