... mechanism nearly as ancient and widespread as chromatin itself. Histone sequences have changed very little throughout evolution, suggesting the possibility that some of their ‘non-canonical’ functions are at play in parallel or in concert with their genome regulatory functions. In this Review, we take...

... organelles, heavily regulated cytoskeletal networks and complex signaling cascades. Because the actin cytoskeleton interfaces with each of these features, understanding how it evolved and diversified across eukaryotic phyla is essential to understanding the evolution and diversification of eukaryotic cells...

... relatives. Retromer Retriever Phylogenomics Endomembrane Evolution Parabasalids Grantová Agentura, Univerzita Karlova http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007543 GAUK 354622 Cooperatio Biology UNCE24/SCI/011 UNCE/SCI/12 European Regional Development Fund http://dx.doi.org...

... biology community. These voices discuss intriguing questions that consider polarity across scales, evolution, development and disease. What can yeast and protists tell us about the evolution of cell and tissue polarity in animals? How are cell fate and development influenced by emerging dynamics in cell...

... in CV function, in our case emphasizing the role of endosomal vesicle fusion machinery in the D. discoideum CV and facilitating future work to address questions regarding the deep evolution of eukaryotic organelles. Extensive molecular characterisation and comparative genomics has revealed the common...

... polyploidization in a mammalian ancestor. Cytokinesis Evolution Megakaryocytes Platelets Polyploidy University of Cambridge http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000735 Evolution through natural selection as described by Darwin is the bedrock of biodiversity ( Darwin, 1859 ). Among...

... that autophagy is an evolutionally conserved mechanism to protect eukaryotic cells from starvation and other stresses. Yoshimori and colleagues have demonstrated that Stx17 participates in autophagosome formation at the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), where it recruits the Vps34-containing class III...

... Roy , F. ( 2017 ). Evolution and diversity of cadherins and catenins . Exp. Cell Res. 358 , 3 - 9 . 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.001 Halbleib , J. M. and Nelson , W. J. ( 2006 ). Cadherins in development: cell adhesion, sorting, and tissue morphogenesis . Genes Dev. 20...

... eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes; this Review summarizes the evolution of autophagy proteins within eukaryotes, and for some of them, even from prokaryotes. Autophagy Atg Evolution Prokaryotic homolog Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is the process whereby cytoplasmic...

... ). Evolution by gene loss . Nat. Rev. Genet.   17 , 379 - 391 . 10.1038/nrg.2016.39 Arendt , C. S. and Hochstrasser , M. ( 1997 ). Identification of the yeast 20S proteasome catalytic centers and subunit interactions required for active-site formation . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA   94...

... in different species. RACK1 EIF6 Ribosome Translation Evolution Beyond transcriptional responses, regulated translation of individual mRNAs enables cells to rapidly adjust the levels of specific proteins during a wide range of processes. Although this regulation is exerted at all stages...

... biology approaches. Evolution occurs at the level of populations and is governed by both adaptive (natural selection) and non-adaptive (mutations, recombination and genetic drift) processes ( Lynch, 2007 ). A particular type of a cell biological process, in a given species, does not necessarily arise...

...Aaron L. Fidler; Sergei P. Boudko; Antonis Rokas; Billy G. Hudson ABSTRACT The cellular microenvironment, characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM), played an essential role in the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in animals (metazoans), and in the subsequent evolution...

... important proteins required for this process in trypanosomes. Significantly, these are unique and not present in animals, fungi or plants. Trypanosoma Trafficking Clathrin Cytoskeleton Flagellum Evolution Morphology Wellcome Trust 10.13039/100004440 090007/Z/09/Z Medical...

.... and Pawlowski , J. ( 2006 ). A molecular time-scale for eukaryote evolution recalibrated with the continuous microfossil record . Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.   273 , 1867 - 1872 . 10.1098/rspb.2006.3537 Bolte , K. , Rensing , S. A. and Maier , U.-G. ( 2015 ). The evolution...

... evolutionary comparison of eukaryotic nucleocytoplasmic bridging complexes suggests that they might have evolved from protein complexes involved in attaching centrosomes to the nuclear envelope. KASH protein SUN protein Opisthokonta Archeaplastida Evolution Coiled-coil domain LINC complex...

... adhesion Atomic force microscopy Insect Evolution The main cell–cell adhesion molecules at adherens junctions are members of the classical cadherin family and are conserved across bilaterians ( Harris and Tepass, 2010 ; Hulpiau and van Roy, 2009 ; Miller et al., 2013 ; Oda and Takeichi, 2011...

... to an early stage of evolution. Recent advances have highlighted how this endocytic process can be subverted during pathology – certain cancer cells use macropinocytosis to feed on extracellular protein, and many viruses and bacteria use it to enter host cells. Prion and prion-like proteins can also spread...

...Wenshu Lu; Qiongyu Chen; Songmin Ying; Xiaobing Xia; Zhanru Yu; Yuan Lui; George Tranter; Boquan Jin; Chaojun Song; Leonard W. Seymour; Shisong Jiang ABSTRACT TNF is a primitive protein that has emerged from more than 550 million years of evolution. Our bioinformatics study of TNF from nine...

... is a Director of Novogen Ltd, which is commercialising anti-tropomyosin drugs. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Actin Evolution Filament Tropomyosin The functions of biological filaments derive from their abilities to form linear polymers. These structures provide...