...Suzan Kors; Anne-Lore Schlaitz ABSTRACT The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic and continuous membrane network with roles in many cellular processes. The importance and maintenance of ER structure and function have been extensively studied in interphase cells, yet recent findings also indicate...

..., such as cell polarization, attachment, migration, proliferation, mitosis, differentiation, etc., and the close physical and functional connection of the Golgi with the ER, it is surprising that the Golgi has remained a largely unexplored target for drug intervention. The finding that EMT cells are sensitive...

...Tomohiro Yorimitsu; Ken Sato ABSTRACT COPII proteins assemble at ER exit sites (ERES) to form transport carriers. The initiation of COPII assembly in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is triggered by the ER membrane protein Sec12. Sec16, which plays a critical role in COPII organization, localizes...

... the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We identify VDAC of the pathogenic apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii and demonstrate its importance for parasite growth. We show that VDAC is involved in protein import and metabolite transfer to mitochondria. Further, depletion of VDAC resulted in significant...

... contexts and constitutes the most important signaling entity in excitable cells. To enable responsive behavior, cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations are kept low through sequestration into organellar stores, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also mitochondria and lysosomes. Specific triggers...

...Takeshi Harada; Ryota Sada; Yoshito Osugi; Shinji Matsumoto; Tomoki Matsuda; Mitsuko Hayashi-Nishino; Takeharu Nagai; Akihiro Harada; Akira Kikuchi ABSTRACT Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a palmitoylated type II transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here...

... composition. Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through alteration in membrane phospholipids activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and causes dramatic transcriptional and translational changes in the cell. To restore cellular homeostasis, the three highly conserved UPR transducers...

... to their corresponding membrane via a single transmembrane segment (TMS) at their C-terminus. In yeast, the targeting of TA proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be mediated by the guided entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway, whereas it is not yet clear how mitochondrial TA proteins are targeted...

... on endosomes and, ultimately, to its destruction in the lysosome. We focus on the spatial and temporal considerations underlying the molecular decisions that govern this complex journey and discuss how additional cellular organelles – particularly the ER – play active roles in the regulation of receptor...

...Kazuo Kurokawa; Yasuyuki Suda; Akihiko Nakano ABSTRACT The Sar1 GTPase controls coat assembly on coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles, which mediate protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. The GTP-bound form of Sar1, activated by the ER-localized guanine...

... accompanied by spasticity and paralysis. Two genes implicated in HSPs encode proteins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology. Atlastin 1 (ATL1, also known as SPG3A) encodes an ER membrane fusion GTPase and reticulon 2 (RTN2, also known as SPG12) helps shape ER tube formation. Here, we use a new...

...Zuyuan Xu; Madhusudana Rao Chikka; Hongai Xia; Donald F. Ready ABSTRACT The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves virtually all aspects of cell physiology and, by pathways that are incompletely understood, is dynamically remodeled to meet changing cell needs. Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (Ire1...

...Sung-jun Jung; Ji Eun Hani Kim; Johannes H. Reithinger; Hyun Kim ABSTRACT The Sec62–Sec63 complex mediates post-translational translocation of a subset of primarily secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in yeast. Therefore, it has been thought that membrane proteins, which...

...Alexander Aranovich; Rong Hua; Andrew D. Rutenberg; Peter K. Kim ABSTRACT The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required for the de novo biogenesis of peroxisomes in mammalian cells. However, its role in peroxisome maintenance is unclear. To explore ER involvement in the maintenance of peroxisomes, we...

... the existence of yet-unknown motors for organelle movement. Here we tested a role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as propelling force for cytoplasmic streaming during cell expansion. Through quantitative live-cell analyses in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana cells and mutants with compromised ER structure...

..., we show that gp130 deletion mutants, but not wild-type gp130, localise predominantly to intracellular compartments, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and early endosomes. One of the most frequent mutants, gp130 Y186-Y190del (ΔYY) is retained in the ER quality control system because of its...

...Mia Kyed Jakobsen; Zhiliang Cheng; Sheung Kwan Lam; Elizabeth Roth-Johnson; Robyn M. Barfield; Randy Schekman Summary Trafficking of the chitin synthase Chs2p from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the bud-neck in late mitosis is tightly regulated by the cell cycle via phosphorylation of serine...

... and yeast cells, the Zw10 homologues, together with the conserved RINT1/Tip20p and NAG/Sec39p proteins, form a second complex involved in vesicle transport between Golgi and ER. However, it is currently unknown whether Zw10 and the NAG family member Rod are also involved in Drosophila membrane trafficking...

...Chao-Wen Wang; Shu-Chuan Lee Summary Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles for maintaining lipid homeostasis. However, how cells control the size and number of LDs remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that Ubx2, a UBX-domain-containing protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER...

...John K. Zehmer; René Bartz; Blaine Bisel; Pingsheng Liu; Joachim Seemann; Richard G. W. Anderson Lipid droplets are sites of neutral lipid storage thought to be actively involved in lipid homeostasis. A popular model proposes that droplets are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a process...