.... Activation of TLRs by pathogen- and/or host-derived stimuli triggers a range of signalling and transcriptional pathways to programme inflammatory and anti-microbial responses, including the production of a suite of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Multiple sorting and signalling adaptors...

... the role of the IL-15Rα chain in stabilizing the cytokine in the IL-2Rβ/γc dimeric receptor. By analyzing the key amino acid residues of IL-15 facing IL-2Rβ, we provide evidence of differential interfaces in the presence or in the absence of membrane-anchored IL-15Rα. Moreover, we found that the anchorage...

...Bon Q. Trinh; Nicolas Barengo; Sang Bae Kim; Ju-Seog Lee; Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay; Honami Naora ABSTRACT Megakaryocyte and erythroid development are tightly controlled by a repertoire of cytokines, but it is not clear how cytokine-activated signaling pathways are controlled during development...

.../jm800295d Gaffen   S. L. ( 2001 ). Signaling domains of the interleukin 2 receptor.   Cytokine   14 , 63 – 77 . 10.1006/cyto.2001.0862 Gesbert   F. , Sauvonnet   N. , Dautry–Varsat   A. ( 2004 ). Clathrin-lndependent endocytosis and signalling of interleukin 2 receptors IL-2R...

... of AIMP1 that is also known to work as a proinflammatory cytokine, was incapable of binding to CD23 and of activating ERK1/2. Therefore, identification of CD23 not only explains the inflammatory function of AIMP1 but also provides the first evidence by which the mode of action of AIMP1 can be distinguished...

... cytokines which act in an auto- or paracrine manner to induce the so-called acute phase response. Cytokines are known to crosstalk on multiple levels, for instance by regulating the mRNA stability of targeted cytokines through activation of the p38-MAPK pathway. In our study we discovered a new mechanism...

... cascade and the MAPK cascade through many growth factors and cytokines. The recruitment of Gab1 to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate within the plasma membrane by its pleckstrin-homology domain is regarded as a major regulatory step for the activation of Gab1. Here, we present a new more complex...

... larger but infrequent, non-restrictive pore, were differentially regulated by IFNγ. Incubation with IFNγ dose-dependently and reversibly increased the frequency of the non-restrictive pores while having no significant effect on the restrictive component. Cytokine-induced increases in β, the descriptor...

.... In light of the well-established relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer, we hypothesized that pro-inflammatory cytokines disrupt epithelial-cell adhesion and promote cell migration. To test this hypothesis, we used an in vitro model in which 31EG4-2A4 mouse mammary epithelial cells grown...

...-mail: [email protected] ) 23 6 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 Myoblast transfer therapy Survival Whole body irradiation Bone marrow reconstitution NK cell depletion Cytokine Transplantation of normal muscle precursor cells (myoblasts) into dystrophic...

... Apoptosis Cytokine E2F transcription factors Human hepatoma cells TGF-β1 The E2F transcription factors have been shown to regulate expression of a panel of cellular genes that control DNA synthesis and proliferation, and appear to be dependent on the cell cycle. The retinoblastoma protein (pRb...

...Danielle L. Krebs; Douglas J. Hilton ABSTRACT Cytokines regulate cellular behavior by interacting with receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells and activating intracellular signal transduction cascades such as the JAK-STAT pathway. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins...

... is still poorly understood and even less is known about the regulatory mechanisms that influence occludin gene expression. This study aimed to identify the sequences essential in cis for genomic regulation of tight junction formation and to investigate their funcional role in cytokine-dependent tight...

... of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the neutrophil chemotactic factor macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα mRNA but not IL-6 or IL-1α mRNA. To determine if K5-PKCα mice display an altered response to TPA-promotion, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated K5-PKCα mice...

... keratinocytes (NEK) and dermal fibroblasts (HDF) rendered postmitotic by gamma-irradiation (HDFi). The expression kinetics of different cytokines and their receptors with presumed signalling function in skin were determined at the RNA and protein level in mono- and cocultured NEK and HDFi. In cocultured HDFi...

... in intracellular Ca 2+ levels and membrane depolarization observed in the presence of the inhibitors were dependent upon activation of a P2Y-type receptor exhibiting a peculiar pharmacological profile, in that CTP was the preferred agonist. ATP stimulation triggered release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6...

...Heinz Schmitz; Michael Fromm; Carl J. Bentzel; Peter Scholz; Katharina Detjen; Joachim Mankertz; Hagen Bode; Hans-Jörg Epple; Ernst-Otto Riecken; Jörg-Dieter Schulzke ABSTRACT Cytokines are supposed to be mediators in diarrhoeal diseases. The aim of this study is to characterize the effect of tumor...

...Ulus Atasoy; Janice Watson; Dhavalkumar Patel; Jack D. Keene ABSTRACT ELAV proteins are implicated in regulating the stability and translation of cytokine and growth regulatory mRNAs such as GM-CSF, IL-2, c-myc, c-fos and GLUT1 by binding to their AU-rich 3′UTRs. The tissue-specific ELAV protein...

... cytokines other than CSF-1, such as GM-CSF, IL3 or G-CSF, could promote c- fms mRNA trans-modulation in these cells. After 7 days of culture of bone marrow CD34 + cells with 1.7 U/ml IL3 and 1 U/ml Epo alone, considered as t =0, high or low doses of GM-CSF, IL3 or G-CSF were added and the kinetics...

...Sarah E. Webb; Jeffrey W. Pollard; Gareth E. Jones ABSTRACT The cloned mouse macrophage cell line, BAC1.25F, resembles primary macrophages in its dependence on colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) for both viability and proliferation. Re-addition of CSF-1 to cytokine-deprived cells, which...