...Jennifer L. Gerton ABSTRACT Robertsonian chromosomes form by fusion of two chromosomes that have centromeres located near their ends, known as acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes. This fusion creates a new metacentric chromosome and is a major mechanism of karyotype evolution and speciation...

...Konstantinos Stamatiou; Aldona Chmielewska; Shinya Ohta; William C. Earnshaw; Paola Vagnarelli ABSTRACT The chromosome periphery is a network of proteins and RNAs that coats the outer surface of mitotic chromosomes. Despite the identification of new components, the functions of this complex...

...Lexy von Diezmann; Ofer Rog ABSTRACT The formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes is key to sexual reproduction. In most species, crossovers are spaced further apart than would be expected if they formed independently, a phenomenon termed crossover interference. Despite more than...

..., using live-cell imaging combined with micro-irradiation of single chromosomes, we analyze the dynamics of Polo and Mre11 at DNA lesions during mitosis in Drosophila . These two proteins display distinct kinetics. Whereas Polo kinetics at double-strand breaks (DSBs) are Cdk1-driven, Mre11 promptly...

...Federico Pelisch; Laura Bel Borja; Ellis G. Jaffray; Ronald T. Hay ABSTRACT Oocyte meiotic spindles in most species lack centrosomes and the mechanisms that underlie faithful chromosome segregation in acentrosomal meiotic spindles are not well understood. In C. elegans oocytes, spindle microtubules...

... transport, nuclear positioning, spindle migration and anchorage, polar body extrusion and accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize the many functions of the actin cytoskeleton in oocytes, with a focus on findings...

... progression of mitosis and chromosome missegregation. These mitotic defects are caused by N-terminal-deleted T antigen, which minimally interacts with TACC2, whereas T-antigen-induced microtubule destabilization is suppressed by overexpressing TACC2. Thus, TACC2 might be a key target of T antigen to disrupt...

..., respectively. We cannot rule out, however, that the binding of LAP2α to telomeres and its assembly at core structures are independent events mediated by binding of LAP2α to different chromosomal proteins or complexes. Fig. 7. Model depicting the major association sites (arrows) of lamina proteins...

...Paula A. Coelho; Joana Queiroz-Machado; Claudio E. Sunkel Assembly of compact mitotic chromosomes and resolution of sister chromatids are two essential processes for the correct segregation of the genome during mitosis. Condensin, a five-subunit protein complex, is thought to be required...

... localization and dynamics in cells during M phase. By immunofluorescence, Ran is accumulated on the chromosomes of meiosis-II-arrested Xenopus eggs. In living cells, fluorescently labeled Ran associated with the chromosomes in Xenopus and remained associated during anaphase when eggs were artificially...

...James R. LaFountain, Jr; Richard W. Cole; Conly L. Rieder As chromosomes move polewards during anaphase in crane-fly spermatocytes,trailing arms commonly stretch backwards for a brief time, as if tethered to their partners. To test that notion, a laser microbeam was used to sever trailing arms...

...Jörg Fuchs; Alexander Lorenz; Josef Loidl The binding of GFP-tagged tetracycline repressor (TetR) molecules to chromosomally integrated tetracycline operator ( tet O) sequence repeats has been used as a system to study chromosome behaviour microscopically in vivo. We found that these integrated...

...Qinqin Liu; Inna Golubovskaya; W. Zacheus Cande ABSTRACT The maize cell cycle regulation mutant polymitotic ( po ) progresses through abnormal cell cycles, characterized by premature cell divisions without chromosome dupli-cation of the daughter cells produced by meiosis during microsporogenesis...

...Paul R. Andreassen; Robert L. Margolis ABSTRACT The protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP) inhibits a subset of mitotic events in BHK cells. In the presence of the drug, these cells form a bipolar spindle in mitosis, but chromatin fails to generate functioning chromosomes. Cells in 2-AP...

...William C. Earnshaw; Carol A. Cooke ABSTRACT The INCENPs are two polypeptides of 135 ×10 3 and 150×10 3 M r that enter mitosis as tightly bound chromosomal proteins, but subsequently leave the chromosomes altogether and become associated with the central spindle and cell cortex at the contractile...

...Elspeth M. Jack; Christine J. Harrison; Gavin R. M. White; Charles H. Ockey; Terence D. Allen ABSTRACT The structure of harlequin-stained chromosomes following substitution with low levels of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) over two cell cycles and high levels over the last part of one cycle...

...Makoto Katsumata; Cecilia W. Lo ABSTRACT We used in situ hybridization with various biotinylated DNA probes to characterize the distribution of mouse chromosomes in the nucleus. This entailed an examination of plasmid-marked chromosomes from two strains of transgenic mice and also an examination...

...Christine J. Harrison; Elspeth M. Jack; Terence D. Allen; Rodney Harris ABSTRACT A technique has been developed to examine the same G-banded human metaphase chromosomes, first in the light microscope and then in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). A structural involvement in chromosome banding...