...Ana C. Almeida; Helder Rocha; Maximilian W. D. Raas; Hanh Witte; Ralf J. Sommer; Berend Snel; Geert J. P. L. Kops; Reto Gassmann; Helder Maiato ABSTRACT Chromosome alignment during mitosis can occur as a consequence of bi-orientation or is assisted by the CENP-E (kinesin-7) motor at kinetochores...

...Aaron R. Tipton; Gary J. Gorbsky ABSTRACT The microtubules of the mitotic spindle mediate chromosome alignment to the metaphase plate, then sister chromatid segregation to the spindle poles in anaphase. Previous analyses of spindle microtubule kinetics utilizing fluorescence dissipation after...

...Zoë Geraghty; Christina Barnard; Pelin Uluocak; Ulrike Gruneberg ABSTRACT Errors in mitotic chromosome segregation can lead to DNA damage and aneuploidy, both hallmarks of cancer. To achieve synchronous error-free segregation, mitotic chromosomes must align at the metaphase plate with stable...

...Julie K. Monda; Iain M. Cheeseman ABSTRACT Accurate chromosome segregation critically depends on the formation of attachments between microtubule polymers and each sister chromatid. The kinetochore is the macromolecular complex that assembles at the centromere of each chromosome during mitosis...

... chromosome proteomics to study the role of the Seh1 protein in mitosis. Surprisingly, Seh1 is not required for the association of the Nup107 complex with mitotic chromosomes, but it is essential for the association of both the GATOR2 complex and nucleoporin Nup153 with mitotic chromosomes. Our analysis also...

...Kumiko Samejima; Daniel G. Booth; Hiromi Ogawa; James R. Paulson; Linfeng Xie; Cara A. Watson; Melpomeni Platani; Masato T. Kanemaki; William C. Earnshaw ABSTRACT The requirement for condensin in chromosome formation in somatic cells remains unclear, as imperfectly condensed chromosomes do form...

... microtubule-based structures, the spindle and phragmoplast, divide the chromosomes and the cell with extraordinary accuracy. Using a live-cell system and fluorescently labeled spindles and chromosomes, we found that the process self- corrects as meiosis proceeds. Metaphase spindles frequently initiate...

...Maya Spichal; Alice Brion; Sébastien Herbert; Axel Cournac; Martial Marbouty; Christophe Zimmer; Romain Koszul; Emmanuelle Fabre ABSTRACT Eukaryotic chromosomes undergo movements that are involved in the regulation of functional processes such as DNA repair. To better understand the origin...

...Elvira Nikalayevich; Hiroyuki Ohkura ABSTRACT Chromosome condensation during cell division is one of the most dramatic events in the cell cycle. Condensin and topoisomerase II are the most studied factors in chromosome condensation. However, their inactivation leads to only mild defects and little...

.... We report that loss of YETI causes lethality before pupation and defects in higher-order chromatin organization, as evidenced by severe impairment in the association of histone H2A.V, nucleosomal histones and epigenetic marks with polytene chromosomes. We also find that YETI binds to polytene...

... regulatory elements, for instance enhancers and promoters, is crucial in gene control. Biochemical studies that were based on the chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology have confirmed that eukaryotic genomes are highly looped. Insight into the underlying principles comes from polymer models...

...Katie A. Finch; Gothami Fonseka; Dimitris Ioannou; Nicholas Hickson; Zoe Barclay; Katerina Chatzimeletiou; Anna Mantzouratou; Alan Handyside; Joy Delhanty; Darren K. Griffin Studies of nuclear organisation, most commonly determining the nuclear location of chromosome territories and individual loci...

...Jennifer M. Spence; Hui Hui Phua; Walter Mills; Adam J. Carpenter; Andrew C. G. Porter; Christine J. Farr Topoisomerase II (topo II) is a major component of mitotic chromosomes, and its unique decatenating activity has been implicated in many aspects of chromosome dynamics, of which chromosome...

... interactions, causing defective spindle attachments and chromosome alignment during metaphase and mis-segregation during anaphase. In the absence of cohesin, sister kinetochore pairing and centromeric localization of chromosomal passenger proteins INCENP and aurora B were lost upon bipolar spindle attachment...

... hybridization (FISH) with arm-specific DNA probes of chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, we visualized arm domains and established hierarchical levels of sperm chromatin structures. The compact chromosome territories, which in sperm have a preferred intranuclear localization, have an extended conformation represented...

...Ellada Savvidou; Neville Cobbe; Søren Steffensen; Sue Cotterill; Margarete M. S. Heck The precise mechanism of chromosome condensation and decondensation remains a mystery, despite progress over the last 20 years aimed at identifying components essential to the mitotic compaction of the genome...

... and interphase chromosomes. We thus conclude that BAF plays essential roles in nuclear organization and that these BAF functions are required in both M phase and interphase of the cell cycle. The effects of BAF on mitotic chromosome structure in vitro are quite complex. For example, the addition of small...

... of the genomes allowed us to study the merging of the two genomes during hybrid mating. GISH revealed that in hybrid nuclei the two genomes are intermixed. In hybrid meiosis, extensive intraspectific nonhomologous pairing takes place. GISH on chromosome addition and substitution strains (with chromosomes of S...

...Jun Zhou; Joyce Yao; Harish C. Joshi Faithful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis is ensured by the spindle assembly checkpoint. This molecular safeguard examines whether prerequisites for chromosome segregation have been satisfied and thereby determines whether to execute or to delay...

... of telophase chromosomes, and later distributes over the entire nuclear rim. Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a protein that binds nonspecifically to double-stranded DNA in vitro, co-localized with emerin at the ‘core’ region of chromosomes during telophase. An emerin mutant defective for binding...