... formed double-membrane structure called the autophagosome, and subsequently targeted for degradation in the lytic compartment of the cell. The fusion of autophagosomes with the lytic compartment is a tightly regulated step and involves membrane-bound SNARE proteins. These play a crucial role...

...Thanh Ngoc Nguyen; Michael Lazarou ABSTRACT The formation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes are key events that underpin autophagic degradation of cargoes. The core ATG8 system, which consists of the ATG8 family of ubiquitin-like proteins and the machineries that conjugate them onto...

...Noor Gammoh ABSTRACT Autophagy requires the formation of membrane vesicles, known as autophagosomes, that engulf cellular cargoes and subsequently recruit lysosomal hydrolases for the degradation of their contents. A number of autophagy-related proteins act to mediate the de novo biogenesis...

...David M. Hollenstein; Rubén Gómez-Sánchez; Akif Ciftci; Franziska Kriegenburg; Muriel Mari; Raffaela Torggler; Mariya Licheva; Fulvio Reggiori; Claudine Kraft ABSTRACT Autophagy is initiated by the formation of a phagophore assembly site (PAS), the precursor of autophagosomes. In mammals...

...: This Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster provide a broad overview of the LC3-associated phagocytic pathway and its role in a variety of physiological and pathological settings. LC3-associated phagocytosis Autophagy Phagocytosis Autophagosome LAPosome Autophagy...

... related fungal organism, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , autophagy of ER and mitochondria is induced by nitrogen starvation and is promoted by three Atg20- and Atg24-family proteins – Atg20, Atg24 and SPBC1711.11 (named here as Atg24b). These proteins localize at the pre-autophagosomal...

... 6 3 2015 © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 HBV Rab7 MVB Autophagosome Tubule Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem as infected individuals are at risk of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma...

...Jana Sanchez-Wandelmer; Nicholas T. Ktistakis; Fulvio Reggiori ABSTRACT Autophagosomes are the hallmark of autophagy, but despite their central role in this degradative pathway that involves vesicle transport to lysosomes or vacuoles, the mechanism underlying their biogenesis still remains largely...

... functional design of the eukaryotic cell, yielding localities that can differ in composition and operation. During macroautophagy, cytoplasmic components become enclosed by a growing double bilayered membrane, which upon closure creates a separate compartment, the autophagosome. The autophagosome...

...Chieko Kishi-Itakura; Ikuko Koyama-Honda; Eisuke Itakura; Noboru Mizushima ABSTRACT Autophagy is mediated by a unique organelle, the autophagosome. Autophagosome formation involves a number of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and complicated membrane dynamics. Although the hierarchical...

...Kuninori Suzuki; Manami Akioka; Chika Kondo-Kakuta; Hayashi Yamamoto; Yoshinori Ohsumi Summary Autophagy is a bulk degradation system mediated by biogenesis of autophagosomes under starvation conditions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a membrane sac called the isolation membrane (IM) is generated...

...Yajuan Guo; Chunmei Chang; Rui Huang; Bo Liu; Lan Bao; Wei Liu Despite recent advances in understanding the functions of autophagy in developmental and pathological conditions, the underlying mechanism of where and how autophagosomal structures acquire membrane remains enigmatic. Here, we provide...

... of gland cells was observed, whereas the cytoplasm of digestive cells became highly vacuolated. The presence of mitochondria and late endosomes within those vacuoles assigned them as autophagosomes. The enhanced Kazal1 expression in regenerating tips was strongly diminished in Kazal1(–) hydra...

...Maximiliano G. Gutierrez; Daniela B. Munafó; Walter Berón; María I. Colombo Autophagy is a normal degradative pathway that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic components and organelles in a vacuole called an autophagosome that finally fuses with the lysosome. Rab7 is a member of the Rab...

...Yukiko Kabeya; Noboru Mizushima; Akitsugu Yamamoto; Satsuki Oshitani-Okamoto; Yoshinori Ohsumi; Tamotsu Yoshimori Rat LC3, a homologue of yeast Atg8 (Aut7/Apg8), localizes to autophagosomal membranes after post-translational modifications. The C-terminal fragment of LC3 is cleaved immediately...