...Ari S. Dehn; Levi Duhaime; Navdeep Gogna; Patsy M. Nishina; Kristina Kelley; Vicki P. Losick ABSTRACT A characteristic of normal aging and age-related diseases is the remodeling of the cellular organization of a tissue through polyploid cell growth. Polyploidy arises from an increase in nuclear...

...Guan Chen; Zhenhua Li; Kenji Iemura; Kozo Tanaka ABSTRACT Chromosomal aneuploidy has been associated with aging. However, whether and how chromosomal instability (CIN), a condition frequently seen in cancer cells in which chromosome missegregation occurs at a high rate, is associated with aging...

... of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 8 (MEG8) in endothelial function and its underlying mechanism. A 5-fold increase in MEG8 was observed with increased passage number in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting MEG8 is induced during aging. MEG8 knockdown resulted in a 1.8...

... and reduced expression of genes involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation. Our results draw a new paradigm of aging as the ‘sterile’ activation of a cell-autonomous pathway of self-defense and identify a crucial mediator of this pathway, IRF7, as driver of metabolic dysfunction with age. We...

...Alba Delrio-Lorenzo; Jonathan Rojo-Ruiz; María Teresa Alonso; Javier García-Sancho ABSTRACT Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age, has been linked to impairment of the cytosolic Ca 2+ peak that triggers muscle contraction, but mechanistic details remain unknown. Here...

... is a ceramide synthase and its homolog, Lac1, has a similar enzymatic function but no role in aging. Lag1 and Lac1 lie in an enzymatic branch point of the sphingolipid pathway that is interconnected by the activity of the C4 hydroxylase, Sur2. By uncoupling the enzymatic branch point and using lipidomic mass...

... p.Ala88Val (A88V) mutant causes Clouston syndrome, but not hearing loss. Here, we report that the Cx30-A88V mutant, despite being toxic to inner ear-derived HEI-OC1 cells, conferred remarkable long-term protection against age-related high frequency hearing loss in Cx30 A88V/A88V mice. During early...

...Isabelle Sagot; Damien Laporte ABSTRACT Most cells, from unicellular to complex organisms, spend part of their life in quiescence, a temporary non-proliferating state. Although central for a variety of essential processes including tissue homeostasis, development and aging, quiescence is poorly...

... signaling. Whether sensitization signaling also changes during development and aging remains so far unknown. Using a novel automated microscopy approach, we quantified changes in intracellular signaling protein expression and in their signaling dynamics, as well as changes in intracellular signaling cascade...

.... Damaged proteins accumulate over time and excess damaged proteins can aggregate and induce the death of old cells. In yeast, the localization of the proteasome changes dramatically during aging, possibly in response to altered proteasome activity requirements. We followed two key parameters...

... in the human promonocytic cell line U937. Analysis of differentially expressed protein clusters allowed the identification of cellular activities affected during aging. S-endoglin expression led to decreased cellular proliferation and a decreased survival response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating...

...Kyung-Rok Yu; SeungHee Lee; Ji-Won Jung; In-Sun Hong; Hyung-Sik Kim; Yoojin Seo; Tae-hoon Shin; Kyung-Sun Kang Summary Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging may lead to a reduced tissue regeneration capacity and a decline in physiological functions. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling...

...Hye Ryun Woo; Hyo Jung Kim; Hong Gil Nam; Pyung Ok Lim Summary How do organisms, organs, tissues and cells change their fate when they age towards senescence and death? Plant leaves provide a unique window to explore this question because they show reproducible life history and are readily...

... the biological functions of a tau-like protein without the complication of functional redundancy that is observed among the mammalian MAPs. Our findings indicate that PTL-1 is important for the maintenance of neuronal health as animals age, as well as in the regulation of whole organism lifespan. In addition...

...Victoria A. Rafalski; Elena Mancini; Anne Brunet Summary Metabolism is influenced by age, food intake, and conditions such as diabetes and obesity. How do physiological or pathological metabolic changes influence stem cells, which are crucial for tissue homeostasis? This Commentary reviews recent...

...Mihoko Suzuki; Motokazu Tsujikawa; Hiroyuki Itabe; Zhao-Jiang Du; Ping Xie; Nagakazu Matsumura; Xiaoming Fu; Renliang Zhang; Koh-hei Sonoda; Kensuke Egashira; Stanley L. Hazen; Motohiro Kamei Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly in developed...

...Thalyana Smith-Vikos; Frank J. Slack MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that bind mRNAs through partial base-pair complementarity with their target genes, resulting in post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. The role of miRNAs in controlling aging processes has been...

... growth potential, following HIF-1α silencing, was associated with a decreased expression of Ln-322 and α6 integrin and β1 integrin. Overall, these results indicate a role of HIF-1α in skin homeostasis especially during epidermal aging. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HIF-1α is an important...

.... , Pereira-Smith O. M. , et al . ( 1995 ). A novel biomarker identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 , 9363 - 9367 . Dyck J. A. , Maul G. G. , Miller W. H. , Chen J. D. , Kakizuka A. , Evans R. M...

... of mitochondrial length in senescence could have a functional role. To test this hypothesis, human endothelial cells (HUVECs) were aged in vitro. Young HUVECs had tubular mitochondria, whereas senescent cells were characterized by long interconnected mitochondria. The change in mitochondrial morphology was caused...