...Sidi Zhang; Yutaro Hama; Noboru Mizushima ABSTRACT Autophagy is a degradative pathway for cytoplasmic constituents, and is conserved across eukaryotes. Autophagy-related ( ATG ) genes have undergone extensive multiplications and losses in different eukaryotic lineages, resulting in functional...

... for canonical autophagy despite forming an Atg12–5-16L2 complex.   Autophagy   7 , 1500 – 1513 . 10.4161/auto.7.12.18025 Itakura   E. , Mizushima   N. ( 2010 ). Characterization of autophagosome formation site by a hierarchical analysis of mammalian Atg proteins.   Autophagy   6 , 764 – 776...

...Chieko Kishi-Itakura; Ikuko Koyama-Honda; Eisuke Itakura; Noboru Mizushima ABSTRACT Autophagy is mediated by a unique organelle, the autophagosome. Autophagosome formation involves a number of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and complicated membrane dynamics. Although the hierarchical...

... from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS); ultimately, the IM expands to become a mature autophagosome. Eighteen autophagy-related (Atg) proteins are engaged in autophagosome formation at the PAS. However, the cup-shaped IM was visualized just as a dot by fluorescence microscopy, posing a challenge...

... by binding to two determinants on the target membrane. *Present address: Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands ‡ Author for correspondence ( F.Reggiori@umcutrecht.nl ). 21 11 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Atg Atg18...

... Institute of Medical Science, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan 30 1 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 Autophagy ATG Autophagosome UBL Deconjugation Phosphatidylethanolamine Autophagy is a process responsible for the bulk degradation...