Issues

Summary: The regulation of protein synthesis is altered in many cancers. This article discusses the role of translation initiation in cancer, including recent advances detailing new targets and therapeutic opportunities.

Summary: Co-existing mechanisms underlying sister chromatid tethering and loop extrusion by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) cohesins complex are discussed. The model is extended to include all eukaryotic SMC complexes.

Summary: A review of how the molecular condensation machinery drives dynamic assembly of the yeast macromolecular polarisome complex, and thereby, its activities in actin polymerization and polarized growth.

Highlighted Article: Plk1 binds to and phosphorylates the N-terminus of astrin. This promotes recruitment of the astrin complex to kinetochores and stabilises microtubule–kinetochore attachments in situations when mitosis is delayed.

Summary: Cell migration is a polarized process that requires adhesion release at the cell rear. Kindlin-2 regulates actomyosin contraction and promotes focal adhesion disassembly and directional persistence at the cell rear.

Summary: Migratory plasticity between blebbing and lamellipodia in normal breast cells and breast cancer cells depends on non-muscle myosin II activity, which is fine tuned by ROCK and MLCK.

Summary: Expression and functional studies demonstrate that an epigenetic factor, histone chaperone APLF, plays a significant role in the development and implantation of mouse embryo.

Highlighted Article: Prominin-1 aligns and reinforces the leading edges and photoreceptor cadherin maintains higher-order organization. Both prominin-1 and photoreceptor cadherin regulate nascent disc membrane size.

Highlighted Article: The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST is identified as a major regulator of hypoxia-induced AMPK activation in endothelial cells, which consequently leads to autophagy and angiogenesis.

Summary: Inhibition of Slc7a7 or Slc1a5 glutamine transporters prevents WNT-stimulated uptake and blocks osteoblast differentiation, establishing Slc7a7 and Slc1a5 as critical mediators of this process.

Summary: The tight junction protein Claudin-5 plays an essential role during zebrafish embryonic development by limiting the motility and enhancing the adhesion of arterial endothelial cells.

Summary: Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I destabilization upon concurrent depletion of Vps37 proteins is linked to the activation of a sterile inflammatory response and cell growth inhibition.

Highlighted Article: PIEZO1 mechanically activated ion channels are enriched in the mouse mammary gland during lactation but are not essential for mammary epithelial cell function or post-lactational regression in vivo.

Highlighted Article: Analyses in vitro and in human and rat cells reveal that UNC-45A is a microtubule-destabilizing protein that acts on microtubules independently of its effects on non-muscle myosin II.

Summary: Serial-section electron microscopy combined with immunogold labeling shows that internalized gap junctions undergo complex processing of both inner and outer membranes.