Issues

Summary: This Review will attempt to collate key characteristics of the different types of endosomes and provide a platform for discussion of this unique and fascinating collection of organelles.

Highlighted Article: Micronuclei, which are common in cancer cells, are prone to missegregation owing to kinetochore assembly defects. This represents a mechanism to delay the reincorporation of excess chromosome(s) and/or damaged DNA.

Summary: Cohesin methylation is a novel post-translational modification implicated in DNA repair in the fission yeast S. pombe.

Summary: The viscoelastic parameters of the cell membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus are decoupled, and the roles played by cytoskeleton in maintaining nuclear mechanical stability are deciphered.

Summary: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) show a tumor-like phenotype by re-programming lipid metabolism and amplifying MTOCs. Restoration of PEDF in CAFs highlights a new lipid–MTOC axis.

Highlighted Article: TGF-β triggers transfer of miR-200 from BMSCs to HUVECs via gap junctions to promote osteogenesis in BMSCs and inhibit the formation of vascular-like structures by HUVECs.

Highlighted Article: The Las17 complex, HOG pathway and CWI pathway are involved in the cell wall integrity checkpoint. We also reveal the signal transduction mechanism of this checkpoint.

Summary: Fz7 functions as a Wnt7b receptor to modulate dendrite development and complexity by coactivating the CaMKII and JNK signalling cascades.

Highlighted Article: By expressing fusions between PP1 and NIPP1, we selectively study the function of the PP1:NIPP1 holoenzyme and find that this phosphatase limits the capacity to repair DNA double-strand breaks.

Summary: A genome-wide RNAi screen in Drosophila identifies MASK as a positive regulator of the JAK/STAT signalling via stabilisation of the pathway receptor. This function is conserved in human cells.

Summary: Cellular reprogramming of Huntington's disease cells to pluripotency causes upregulation of DNA repair genes and stabilizes trinucleotide repeats. The process is mediated by an increase in hydroxymethylation pathways.

Summary: This study demonstrates that P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4α isoforms regulate different biologically relevant transcriptomic signatures in colorectal cancer cells, and are differently regulated from oncogenic β-catenin activation.

Highlighted Article: Here, we show that mice without ATAD3 in muscle develop a myopathy associated with early abnormal mitochondrial cristae structure, followed by defects in lipid transport and mitochondrial DNA maintenance.

Summary: Ezrin and moesin co-ordinate binding to L-selectin in monocytes to, respectively, regulate pseudopod protrusion and ectodomain shedding during transendothelial migration.