Issues

Summary: Discussion of emerging roles for selective autophagy in adhesion and migration through regulation of focal adhesion turnover, cellular tension and integrin trafficking.

Summary: Eukaryogenesis, the emergence of eukaryotic cells, represents a pivotal evolutionary event. Advances in paleogeology, phylogenetics, cell biology and microbial diversity provide new insights into aspects of eukaryogenesis.

Highlighted Article: Both desmin and its partner chaperone αB-crystallin associate with mitochondria–sarcoplasmic-reticulum contact sites (MAMs), stabilizing MICOS super-complexes, and thus contributing to proper mitochondrial cristae structure–function.

Summary: Autophagy proteins are required for the degradation of midbodies. In C. elegans, Atg8/LC3-family proteins act during phagosome maturation rather than during macroautophagy.

Highlighted Article: An analysis of Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS) fly mutants reveals that cilium structure is perturbed during development, but that cilia are largely structurally and functionally normal by adulthood.

Summary: CLIMP-63 is associated with the Ca²⁺ release complex of skeletal muscles through its interaction with triadin, and is involved in the shaping of triads and in the guidance of microtubules.

Highlighted Article: A direct link between exocyst and Wave complexes is revealed, providing new mechanistic insight into the spatio-temporal coordination between membrane trafficking and actin polymerization.

Summary: The inner nuclear membrane (INM) E3 ubiquitin ligase component Asi1 is ubiquitylated, removed from the membrane and targeted to nuclear proteasomes through a new INM-associated degradation pathway.

Highlighted Article: Atg9A trafficking through the recycling endosome is required for autophagy, and is mediated by TRAPPIII and intrinstic Atg9A-sorting motifs that bind to AP2.

Summary: NCAM and its polysialylated form (PSA-NCAM) are important regulators of brain plasticity. We demonstrate that prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is involved in the regulation of NCAM and PSA-NCAM.

Highlighted Article: Lipid droplets are accessible to ER luminal proteins, suggesting that lipid droplets form a specialized domain within the ER membrane that can be recognized from both the cytosolic and the luminal side.

Summary: DUX4 underlies pathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. DUX4 acts mainly as a transcriptional activator that inhibits myogenesis by orchestrating a gene expression profile representative of a more stem-cell-like state.

Highlighted Article: We report a new role for sortilin (Sort1) as a negative regulator of Sonic hedgehog trafficking to axons and secretion from cells.

Summary: Here, we identify a role for post-translational modification ADP-ribosylation in the response to DNA interstrand crosslinks in the model Dictyostelium.

Summary: The endolysosomal ion channel TRP mucolipin 1 was thought to mediate local Ca²⁺ signals. However, as reported here, it can also mediate global elevations in Ca²⁺.

Summary: The secretion inhibitor FLI-06 inhibits recruitment of cargo into ERES by a mechanism upstream of Sar1 and COPII, and also blocks exit from the trans-Golgi network.

Summary: By using a novel approach to stimulate and guide the growth cones of hippocampal neurons with high spatial and temporal resolution, we reveal a function for the soluble form of PrP to promote fast neurite outgrowth.

Summary: A physiological complementation assay in Dishevelled null-mutant human cells establishes an essential function of the DEP domain of Dishevelled in its binding to Frizzled for signal transduction to β-catenin.

Summary: In Drosophila neurons, mutant IP₃ receptors disrupt store-operated Ca²⁺ entry by destabilizing interaction of STIM with the Ca²⁺ channel, Orai. The interactions could coordinate store emptying with Ca²⁺ entry.

Summary: This is the first study to define the role of neuropilin-1, a co-receptor of several structurally distinct cytokines, in the IFNγ-induced inflammatory response of endothelial cells in neuroinflammatory diseases.

Summary: Transportin1 and Rab8 can simultaneously bind to the ciliary targeting signal in a guanine-nucleotide-dependent manner. The resulting ternary complex can target a membrane protein to cilia.

Summary: This paper provides evidence that Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria contain two subunits of a twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway, indicating the presence of an active Tat pathway in plants.

Summary: Autotaxin, a secreted enzyme that generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), binds to exosomes and is thereby targeted to cells in order to deliver LPA and activate cell surface receptors.