Issues

Summary: This Commentary focuses on recent literature that shows how CYLD impacts on microtubule properties and functions, and discusses the challenges we face when interpreting results obtained from different experimental systems.

Summary: Proteolytic processing of the dynamin-like GTPase OPA1 is emerging as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial dynamics and quality control, with exciting therapeutic potential in mitochondrial disease.

Highlighted Article: SCRIB has been identified as a negative regulator of proliferation. However, SCRIB is also required for epithelial proliferation during pregnancy-induced alveologenesis, likely by regulating cell surface levels of prolactin receptor.

Summary: Activation of JNK by ER stress kinetically precedes activation of XBP1 by IRE1α. JNK-dependent induction of several inhibitors of apoptosis inhibits apoptosis early in the ER stress response.

Highlighted Article: Haptotaxis (directed migration) on a substrate-bound gradient is perhaps the least-well understood form of directed migration. We show that differential lamellipodial dynamics are crucial for this process.

Summary: Polycomb group proteins are usually considered to repress transcription. Here, the polycomb protein EZH1 was found to associate with the transcription co-activator UXT and activate NF-κB target genes.

Highlighted Article: EHD proteins play regulatory functions in the endocytic pathway. We reveal that D. discoideum EHD interacts with Dynamin and controls intraphagosomal proteolysis and pH dynamics during phagosome maturation.

Summary: Selective molecules bearing a kinked acyl chain can counter membrane disorders in lipointoxication-related diseases by acting as nanospacers.

Highlighted Article: Nucleomethylin (NML) is involved in m¹A modification of 28S rRNA. NML deficiency suppresses 60S ribosomal subunit formation and activates the p53 pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation.

Summary: The extracellular O-glycosylated domain of FXYD5 impairs adhesion by interfering with intercellular interactions between Na,K-ATPase β1 subunits. Four conserved β1 residues, including Y199, are crucial in this process.

Summary: In response to stress, proteins required to initiate protein synthesis are modified; we demonstrate that sumoylation of eIF4A2 correlates with its recruitment to stress granules.

Summary: Cortactin and its phosphorylation by protein kinase D1 at S298 modulate E-cadherin adhesion complex composition and F-actin linkage during ligation and dissolution of adherence junctions.

Summary: Stretching of myocytes and maintenance at the stretched length results in a Ca²⁺ oscillation that is dependent on NO, but not on soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) or cGMP. This results from the activation of PI3K.

Summary: Kinesin-12 and myosin-IIB can form a hetero-oligomer that generates force to integrate microtubules and actin filaments in certain regions of cells. In astrocytes, this interaction can modulate their migration.

Summary: Memory T cells have a rapid transcriptional program upon re-stimulation. Chromatin-anchored PKC-θ integrates activating signals at the chromatin template to elicit this transcriptional memory in T cells.

Highlighted Article: We develop a fast optical method to measure ratios of pancreatic α- and β-cell mass and function simultaneously, which shall benefit mechanistic studies of imbalanced hormone secretion during type 2 diabetes progression.