First person – Sonal Jaiswal

Sonal Jaiswal

How would you explain the main findings of your paper in lay terms?

In dividing animal cells, centrosomes are involved in organizing spindle fibers, which help segregate DNA between the two daughter cells. At the core of a centrosome is a pair of centrioles, which are tiny cylinders made of microtubules. A core centriole protein called CPAP helps in controlling size and function of this crucial organelle. In the neurodevelopmental condition primary microcephaly (MCPH), variants that cause a single amino acid residue change in the G-box region of CPAP can affect centriole size.

In this study, we found that two closely spaced residue changes from different individuals with MCPH could affect either the number or length of centrioles. However, both variants caused defects in spindle organization and reduce cell survival. This work highlights the importance of the G-box region of CPAP in regulating distinct aspect of centriole organization.

Were there any specific challenges associated with this project? If so, how did you overcome them?

This project suffered delays during the COVID-19 pandemic, with lockdowns and limited access to lab facilities. This was a challenging time to keep the supply of reagents available and maintain cell culture work. I also faced persistent health issues post-COVID-19 infection when I re-joined the lab. It took almost a year for me to get back to the flow of work again. Despite all this, I gained diverse skill sets involving elements of cell and molecular biology, structural biology and computational biology during this period, and I am happy that this work has led to a beautiful understanding of CPAP protein function.

When doing the research, did you have a particular result or ‘eureka’ moment that has stuck with you?

The very first experiment when I observed that a new MCPH-associated mutation (D1169N) in the CPAP G-box domain increases centriole number and not length was an ‘eureka’ moment for me. I was amazed by the fact that single amino acid changes in the same region, but at distinct residues, can affect CPAP function so variably. This tells us a lot about the fact that centriole proteins, despite being so densely packed, still maintain an intriguingly regulated network of protein–protein interactions. This is just mind blowing!

Why did you choose Journal of Cell Science for your paper?

We chose to submit our paper to Journal of Cell Science because we appreciate the rigorous peer review process and the transparency implemented around this process. This allows a very professional review experience for both the authors and reviewers. We believe that publishing our work in JCS will maximize its visibility and impact. Further, I have personally followed many research articles published in JCS and have drawn inspiration from that work. I admire the efforts of the journal to highlight early-career researchers and provide them a visibility platform in the field.

Have you had any significant mentors who have helped you beyond supervision in the lab? How was their guidance special?

I've been fortunate to have had some truly significant mentors (my project guide Dr Priyanka Singh, collaborator Dr Sandip Murarka and Associate Dean Dr Samanwita Pal) who have played pivotal roles in shaping my personal and professional development well beyond the confines of the laboratory. Their guidance extended far beyond the realms of academia and research, delving into the realms of life wisdom and character development. My better half, Dr Anjneya Verma has always been a strong pillar, guiding me as a mentor, motivating me, and giving me care and support. These people not only imparted invaluable knowledge but also instilled in me a sense of purpose, resilience and ethics that transcended the lab's scientific boundaries. They provided unwavering support, challenged me to think critically and encouraged me to explore diverse perspectives. Their mentorship was characterized by genuine care, empathy and a commitment to fostering not just my intellectual growth, but my holistic well-being as a person. Through their guidance, I not only gained the skills needed for success but also a profound understanding of the importance of mentorship itself, motivating me to pay it forward by mentoring others in my journey.

What motivated you to pursue a career in science, and what have been the most interesting moments on the path that led you to where you are now?

My motivation to pursue a career in science has always been rooted in a deep curiosity about the natural world and a desire to contribute to our understanding of it. From a young age, I was fascinated by the mysteries of the universe, the complexities of living organisms, and the fundamental principles that govern our physical and biological systems. This innate curiosity and a passion for discovery were the driving forces that led me to embark on a scientific journey. During my school years, I conducted simple experiments in my backyard, like growing plants, observing insects and conducting basic chemistry experiments. These experiences ignited my enthusiasm for hands-on scientific exploration. Sharing my passion for science through teaching and outreach programs has been another fulfilling aspect of my journey. Witnessing the spark of curiosity in young minds and helping them appreciate the beauty of science has been deeply rewarding. Science is not without its challenges, and overcoming obstacles and failures along the way has been a valuable learning experience. These moments of resilience have strengthened my commitment to pursuing answers to complex questions.

Who are your role models in science? Why?

My role models in science are a diverse group of individuals who have made significant contributions to their respective fields and have had a lasting impact on the scientific community. One example is Jane Goodall, who is an exceptional role model in science, renowned for her pioneering work in primatology and wildlife conservation. Her groundbreaking research on chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania not only revolutionized our understanding of these remarkable creatures but also challenged prevailing scientific norms by demonstrating the capacity for complex behaviors and emotions in non-human animals. Beyond her scientific achievements, Goodall's unwavering commitment to environmental conservation and her tireless advocacy for the protection of endangered species have made her a global icon. Her holistic approach to science, which encompasses not only rigorous research but also a deep empathy for the natural world, serves as a powerful example of how scientists can inspire positive change and foster a greater sense of responsibility toward the planet. Jane Goodall's legacy transcends academia, reminding us all of the profound impact one individual can have in advancing both scientific knowledge and the cause of environmental preservation. Her dedication to understanding and protecting the natural world reminds me of the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in science.

What's next for you?

I've decided to transition out of academia, and I'm filled with excitement and optimism about the path ahead. While academia has been a source of incredible learning and personal growth, I believe it's time for me to explore new opportunities that align more closely with my evolving interests and goals. This decision isn't a departure from my passion for knowledge but rather a pivot towards applying my skills and expertise in diverse ways. I look forward to embracing fresh challenges, collaborating with professionals from various backgrounds, and making a tangible impact in the broader world. Leaving academia represents a new chapter in my journey, one where I can continue to learn, grow, and contribute to society in ways that resonate deeply with me.

Tell us something interesting about yourself that wouldn't be on your CV

Beyond my professional pursuits, I am deeply passionate about working for the empowerment and upliftment of marginalized sections of society. Over the years, I've dedicated a significant amount of my time to volunteer work and community engagement with Rotary International and its initiatives aimed at providing education and raising awareness. One particularly fulfilling experience was my involvement in a grassroots project (International Literacy Project) focused on improving literacy rates among underserved children in rural areas around my college. I collaborated with international Rotaract clubs to create educational materials, organize workshops, and provide mentorship to these young learners. Witnessing the transformative power of education in their lives, and the spark of curiosity and hope it ignited, was truly inspiring. It's a reminder that education and awareness can be powerful tools for positive change, and I'm committed to continuing this work alongside my professional endeavors.