... pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in tissue-resident macrophages, relative to those observed in non-irradiated submandibular glands. Given these data, coupled with the fact that repeated anaesthetic can negatively affect animal welfare and interfere with saliva secretion, we conclude...

... the zebrafish xenograft model. We show that BCG induced the recruitment and polarization of macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, accompanied by induction of the inflammatory cytokines tnfa , il1b and il6 in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages directly induced apoptosis of human cancer cells...

... macrophages and microglia, and the second for spatial registration. By using this approach, differences in immune cell morphology and behavior during homeostasis as well as in response to a stab wound or two-photon-induced brain injury were observed in intact adult fish over the course of several days...

...-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1 H -inden-1-one (BCI) improved heart function and reduced cardiac fibrosis in MI rats. Mechanistic analysis revealed that BCI attenuated macrophage inflammation through NF-κB and p38 signaling, independent of DUSP6 inhibition, leading to the downregulation of various...

...; Katharine M. Irvine ABSTRACT Resident and recruited macrophages control the development and proliferation of the liver. We have previously shown in multiple species that treatment with a macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF1)-Fc fusion protein initiated hepatocyte proliferation and promoted repair...

...-dependent effects are neutrophil or macrophage specific have been lacking. We have developed and validated transgenic lines that enable superior demonstration of cell-autonomous neutrophil and macrophage genetic requirements. We coupled well-characterized neutrophil- and macrophage-specific Gal4 driver...

... of glial cells as a central regulator of functional regeneration. Additionally, we demonstrate that glial cells and macrophages contribute to functional regeneration through mechanisms involving the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the Drosophila protein Draper (Drpr), characteristic of other neural...

... are cleared in vivo , we further analyzed Toxoplasma- macrophage interactions using time-lapse microscopy and three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy (3D CLEM). Time-lapse microscopy revealed that macrophages are recruited to the infection site and play a key role in Toxoplasma control...

...Sarah Colijn; Vijay Muthukumar; Jun Xie; Siqi Gao; Courtney T. Griffin ABSTRACT Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) was recently implicated in promoting atherosclerosis progression through a proposed role in macrophage necroptosis. However, RIPK3 has been connected to numerous other...

...Emily E. Rosowski ABSTRACT The specific roles of the two major innate immune cell types – neutrophils and macrophages – in response to infection and sterile inflammation are areas of great interest. The larval zebrafish model of innate immunity, and the imaging capabilities it provides, is a source...

... of ADORA2B and HAS3 were detected in CPFE and in our experimental model of CPFE. Treatment with 4MU was able to attenuate PH and fibrosis but not airspace enlargement. This was accompanied by a reduction of HAS3-positive macrophages. We have generated pre-clinical data demonstrating the capacity of 4MU...

... to renal injury, we showed that delivery of PTBA using an esterified prodrug (UPHD25) increases the reactivation of the renal progenitor gene Pax2a , enhances dedifferentiation of RTECs, reduces Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) expression, and lowers the number of infiltrating macrophages. Further, we...

...Laura E. Kuil; Nynke Oosterhof; Samuël N. Geurts; Herma C. van der Linde; Erik Meijering; Tjakko J. van Ham ABSTRACT Microglia are brain-resident macrophages, which have specialized functions important in brain development and in disease. They colonize the brain in early embryonic stages, but few...

... results in injury to surrounding parenchyma and leads to inflammation, scarring and ultimately loss of renal function. Macrophages are a key element in this process, promoting cyst epithelial cell proliferation, cyst expansion and disease progression. Previously, we have shown that the microenvironment...

... infection was increased upon immunosuppressant treatment. We showed for the first time that macrophages and neutrophils were readily recruited in vivo to the site of infection in an intact host and that spore phagocytosis can be observed in real-time in vivo . While exploring innate immune effector...

... of acute inflammation as a result of impaired secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. To investigate the impaired cytokine secretion and confirm our previous findings, we performed transcriptomic analysis in macrophages and identified a subgroup of individuals with CD who had low expression...