.... Congenital heart disease Heart development Mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm Rare diseases Embryo patterning Animal models Genotype-phenotype correlation Cell fate Cardiopharyngeal field Hematopoiesis National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002 1R01DK129350-01A1...

... Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009633 HD090603 Down syndrome Trisomy 21 Skeletal deficits Animal models Genetics Summary: A Down syndrome mouse mapping panel shows that triplicated Dyrk1a plays a sex-specific role...

..., and genetic and environmental causes. Based on studies from animal models, we present a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis, with an emphasis on the loss of postnatal suture mesenchymal stem cells as an emerging disease-driving mechanism. We evaluate emerging treatment options...

...://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: This Review provides an overview of the animal models used to study the spectrum of ATP1A3 -related disorders and discusses...

... specification during cardiogenesis . Development 132 , 2475 - 2487 . 10.1242/dev.01832 Camacho , P. , Fan , H. , Liu , Z. and He , J. Q. ( 2016 ). Large mammalian animal models of heart disease . J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 3 , 30 . 10.3390/jcdd3040030 Camenisch , T...

... therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will require robust animal and cell models of viral pathogenesis. In this Special Article, we discuss the cell-based and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis that have been described as of August 2020. We also outline the outstanding questions...

... on animal models that accurately recapitulate the human disease. However, efforts to produce new vaccines against an M. tuberculosis infection have encountered several challenges, including the complexity of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and limited knowledge of the protective immune responses...

... in laboratory animals: effects, mechanisms, and animal models . Pharmacol. Rev.   46 , 483 - 549 . Sive , H. ( 2011 ). ‘Model’ or ‘tool’? new definitions for translational research . Dis. Model. Mech.   4 , 137 - 138 . 10.1242/dmm.007666 States , J. C. , Barchowsky...

... between proof-of-concept and preclinical efficacy studies using animal models is key to support the rationale of a clinical trial involving patients. This Review evaluates the experience accumulated by the TREAT-NMD Advisory Committee for Therapeutics, which provides detailed constructive feedback...

.... There is an expanding literature addressing the function of αDG in the nervous system, with recent reports demonstrating important roles in brain development and in the maintenance of neuronal synapses. Much of these data are derived from an increasingly rich array of experimental animal models. This Review aims...

...Román Darío Moreno-Fernández; Andrea Nieto-Quero; Francisco Javier Gómez-Salas; Jerold Chun; Guillermo Estivill-Torrús; Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca; Luis Javier Santín; Margarita Pérez-Martín; Carmen Pedraza ABSTRACT Animal models of psychopathology are particularly useful for studying...

.... Summary: Chronic middle ear inflammation is a common disease. Animal models, and in particular mouse models, have been used to elucidate some potential mechanisms, including dysfunction in immune signalling, mucociliary function or Eustachian tube function. Chronic otitis media Genetics Animal...

... if utilized efficiently and thoughtfully. Finally, there have also been initiatives to develop large animal models for SMA, particularly for the evaluation of the delivery, benefits and toxicity of clinical-grade therapeutics. Specifically, endogenous and exogenous genetic modifications have been...

...Melissa Trotman-Lucas; Michael E. Kelly; Justyna Janus; Robert Fern; Claire L. Gibson ABSTRACT Animal models are essential for understanding the pathology of stroke and investigating potential treatments. However, in vivo stroke models are associated, particularly in mice, with high variability...

.... , Dobrota , D. and Novak , M. ( 2009 ). Rat tau proteome consists of six tau isoforms: implication for animal models of human tauopathies . J. Neurochem.   108 , 1167 - 1176 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05869.x Harris , A. P. , Lennen , R. J. , Marshall , I. , Jansen , M...

... disorders and developing therapeutics, with emphasis on the zebrafish. Zebrafish Psychiatric disorders Animal models Co-morbidities Chemical screens Autism Schizophrenia Accounting for nearly a quarter of global disability, psychiatric disorders represent a pervasive societal challenge...

... under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Osteoarthritis Cartilage Bone Animal models...

... mechanisms that underpin healthy, acute wound healing from various animal models, we have learned much less about chronic wound repair pathology from these models. This might largely be because the animal models being used in this field of research have failed to recapitulate the clinical features of chronic...

... microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases . Science   325 , 433 . Gondo   Y. ( 2013 ). Mouse models for human diseases by forward and reverse genetics . In Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease (ed. Conn   P. M. ), pp. 833 – 859 . San Diego, CA : Elsevier Academic Press Inc...