... is formed by a single giant multinucleate cell: the syncytiotrophoblast. The syncytiotrophoblast is formed and maintained via fusion of progenitor cytotrophoblasts. Cell-cell fusion is a tightly regulated process, and in non-trophoblastic cells is accompanied by stereotypical alterations in cell shape...

... development. We then found that trophoblast-specific Slc25a1 deletion recapitulated heart anomalies in the global knockout mice. Further study identified SLC25A1 as a regulator of trophoblast and placental development through modulation of histone H3K27 acetylation at the promoters and enhancers of key genes...

...Ha T. H. Vu; Regan L. Scott; Khursheed Iqbal; Michael J. Soares; Geetu Tuteja ABSTRACT The invasive trophoblast cell lineages in rat and human share crucial responsibilities in establishing the uterine-placental interface of the hemochorial placenta. These observations have led to the rat becoming...

...Keisuke Kozai; Ayelen Moreno-Irusta; Khursheed Iqbal; Mae-Lan Winchester; Regan L. Scott; Mikaela E. Simon; Masanaga Muto; Marc R. Parrish; Michael J. Soares ABSTRACT Hemochorial placentation involves the differentiation of invasive trophoblast cells, specialized cells that possess the capacity...

...Yutong Chen; Dylan Siriwardena; Christopher Penfold; Adam Pavlinek; Thorsten E. Boroviak ABSTRACT The trophoblast lineage safeguards fetal development by mediating embryo implantation, immune tolerance, nutritional supply and gas exchange. Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) provide a platform...

...Viju Vijayan Pillai; Tiffany G. Kei; Shailesh Gurung; Moubani Das; Luiz G. B. Siqueira; Soon Hon Cheong; Peter J. Hansen; Vimal Selvaraj ABSTRACT Exponential proliferation of trophoblast stem cells (TSC) is crucial in Ruminantia to maximize numerical access to caruncles, the restricted uterine...

... trajectories: the villous or extravillous pathways. CTB committed to the villous pathway fuse with neighboring CTB to form the outer multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SCT), whereas CTB committed to the extravillous pathway differentiate into invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). Unfortunately, little...

... that the original work is properly attributed. Highlighted Article: Imprinting at Igf2-H19 ICR1 regulates endocrine cell formation and function via sexually-dimorphic changes in Pi3k-Akt and Mapk signalling in the mouse. Insulin-like growth factor Placenta Hormones Endocrine cells Trophoblast...

... the uterine surface, these progenitors assume a different fate, becoming cancer-like cells that invade its lining and blood vessels. The latter process physically connects the placenta to the mother and shunts uterine blood to the syncytiotrophoblasts. Isolation of trophoblast subtypes is technically...

... fetal tissues; however, there is no evidence of a placental function controlled by the LZ clock. Here, we demonstrate that specifically the trophoblast layer of the LZ harbors an already functional clock by late gestation, able to regulate in a circadian manner the expression and activity...

...Hatice O. Ozguldez; Rui Fan; Ivan Bedzhov ABSTRACT The ways in which placental defects affect embryonic development are largely overlooked because of the lack of a trophoblast-specific approach for conditional gene ablation. To tackle this, we have established a simple, fast and efficient method...

...Jenna Treissman; Victor Yuan; Jennet Baltayeva; Hoa T. Le; Barbara Castellana; Wendy P. Robinson; Alexander G. Beristain ABSTRACT Early placental development and the establishment of the invasive trophoblast lineage take place within a low oxygen environment. However, conflicting and inconsistent...

... the morphological, molecular and functional aspects of human placental formation, with a focus on the defining cell of the placenta – the trophoblast. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. © 2019. Published...

... 4 days after conception. We show female-specific effects on trophoblast differentiation, embryo-uterine communication, and formation of the placental vasculature, resulting in markedly reduced placental volume at embryonic day 15. Both sexes exhibited reduced trophectoderm pluripotency and global...

... to the trophoblast lineage, where it remains highly expressed until birth. Deletion of the miR-290 cluster gene ( Mirc5 ) results in reduced trophoblast progenitor cell proliferation and a reduced DNA content in endoreduplicating trophoblast giant cells. The resulting placenta is reduced in size. In addition...

... was substantially compromised upon paternal transmission, allele-specific RNA-seq in the trophoblast revealed that Xist CAGΔ5′ RNA still retained some silencing ability. Furthermore, the failure of imprinted X inactivation had more significant impacts than expected on genome-wide gene expression. It is likely...

...Paulina Anna Latos; Myriam Hemberger Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) retain the capacity to self-renew indefinitely and harbour the potential to differentiate into all trophoblast subtypes of the placenta. Recent studies have shown how signalling cascades integrate with transcription factor circuits...

.... To investigate the requirement of TFAP2C in later placental development, deletion of TFAP2C was induced throughout extra-embryonic ectoderm at E6.5, leading to severe placental abnormalities caused by reduced trophoblast population and resulting in embryonic retardation by E8.5. Deletion of TFAP2C in TPBPA...

... development. Its main functional component is the trophoblast, which is derived from extra-embryonic ectoderm. Little is known about early trophoblast differentiation in the human embryo, owing to lack of a proper in vitro model system. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into functional...

...Stephen Frankenberg; Geoff Shaw; Claudia Freyer; Andrew J. Pask; Marilyn B. Renfree Early cell lineage specification in eutherian mammals results in the formation of a pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast. By contrast, marsupials have no ICM. Here, we present the first molecular...