...Chisato Kunitomi; Mayra Romero; Enrico Maria Daldello; Karen Schindler; Marco Conti ABSTRACT The RNA-binding protein cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding 1 (CPEB1) plays a fundamental role in regulating mRNA translation in oocytes. However, the specifics of how and which protein kinase...

... breakdown (GVBD) ratio at 4 h of culture and reduced first polar body extrusion (PBE) at 17 h of culture, suggesting that Eif4enif1 deficiency retarded oocyte development in vitro ( Fig. 3D-F ). The EIF4ENIF1 protein is involved in translational repression. To examine the change in translation...

... period termed meiotic prophase. In Drosophila males, meiotic prophase lasts 3.5 days, during which spermatocytes upregulate over 1800 genes and grow 25-fold. Previous work has shown that the cell cycle regulator Cyclin B (CycB) is subject to translational repression in immature spermatocytes, mediated...

...Shou Soeda; Masaaki Oyama; Hiroko Kozuka-Hata; Tadashi Yamamoto ABSTRACT Control of mRNA poly(A) tails is essential for regulation of mRNA metabolism, specifically translation efficiency and mRNA stability. Gene expression in maturing oocytes relies largely on post-transcriptional regulation...

... blastomeres. erm-1 mRNA localizes within those blastomeres to the plasma membrane where the essential ERM-1 protein, a membrane-actin linker, is also found. We demonstrate that the localization of erm-1 mRNA to the plasma membrane is translation dependent and requires its encoded N-terminal, membrane-binding...

..., and revealed four modes of translational selectivity: (1) selective translation of non-abundant mRNAs; (2) active, but modest translation of a selection of highly expressed mRNAs; (3) translationally suppressed abundant to moderately abundant mRNAs; and (4) mRNAs associated specifically with monosomes...

...Andreas Heim; Marie L. Niedermeier; Florian Stengel; Thomas U. Mayer ABSTRACT Oocyte maturation and early embryo development occur in vertebrates in the near absence of transcription. Thus, sexual reproduction of vertebrates critically depends on the timely translation of mRNAs already stockpiled...

...Mansour Aboelenain; Karen Schindler ABSTRACT Mammalian oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent, and meiosis and early embryonic divisions rely on translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Activation of these mRNAs is mediated by polyadenylation. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding element 1 (CPEB1...

... of the expression domain in nc14 ( Fig. 7 A). SunTag-hb mRNAs are still present in the anterior in nc14, but ∼95% are not being translated, suggesting that they are being translationally repressed. In addition to the highest number of SunTag-hb mRNA translation sites being detected at nc13, analysis...

... Translation Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder resulting from progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. The relatively focal degeneration makes it a good candidate for cell-based therapies. Since the first clinical trials using fetal...

...Nathalie Oulhen; S. Zachary Swartz; Jessica Laird; Alexandra Mascaro; Gary M. Wessel Stem cells in animals often exhibit a slow cell cycle and/or low transcriptional activity referred to as quiescence. Here, we report that the translational activity in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the sea...

... Human Organoid Pluripotency Translation Inspired by the success of the first meeting two years ago, Development and The Company of Biologists held the second ‘From Stem Cells to Human Development’ meeting in September 2016 in historic Southbridge (Massachusetts, USA). From the first human...

... is essential for: (1) general mRNA translation during embryogenesis, (2) developmental re-programming upon manipulations to the embryo and (3) larval wound healing. We also learned that Vasa interacted with mRNAs in the perinuclear area and at the spindle in an Importin-dependent manner during cell cycle...

... of which can lead to developmental defects and disease. Here, we examine the spectrum of molecular mechanisms controlling Hox gene expression in model vertebrates and invertebrates and find that a diverse range of mechanisms, including nuclear dynamics, RNA processing, microRNA and translational regulation...

... of the differentiation factor bag of marbles ( bam ). The Nanos-Pumilio translational repressor complex and the miRNA pathway also help to promote GSC self-renewal. How the activities of different transcriptional and translational regulators are coordinated to keep the GSC in an undifferentiated state remains uncertain...

.... PUF proteins Caenorhabditis Evolution Translation Germ cells Hermaphroditism In convergent evolution, different lineages acquire similar phenotypes independently. However, the extent to which key modifications to development and physiology are reproduced in convergent...

...Solenn Patalano; Marija Mihailovich; Yaiza Belacortu; Nuria Paricio; Fátima Gebauer Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster involves the assembly of the MSL-2-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC) on the single X chromosome of male flies. Translational repression of msl-2 mRNA blocks...

...Charles R. Tessier; Kendal Broadie Fragile X Syndrome (FraX) is a broad-spectrum neurological disorder with symptoms ranging from hyperexcitability to mental retardation and autism. Loss of the fragile X mental retardation 1 ( fmr1 ) gene product,the mRNA-binding translational regulator FMRP...

... translation. The molecular basis of how the translation of mRNAs encoding guidance proteins could be closely tied to the pace of cytoskeletal assembly is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the F-actin-microtubule crosslinker Short stop (Shot) is required for motor and sensory axon extension...

...Oona Johnstone; Paul Lasko The DEAD-box RNA helicase Vasa (Vas) is required for germ cell development and function, as well as for embryonic somatic posterior patterning. Vas interacts with the general translation initiation factor eIF5B (cIF2, also known as dIF2), and thus may regulate translation...