... ). Curly tail: a 50-year history of the mouse spina bifida model . Anat. Embryol. 203 , 225 - 237 . 10.1007/s004290100169 Viotti , M. , Nowotschin , S. and Hadjantonakis , A. K. ( 2014 ). SOX17 links gut endoderm morphogenesis and germ layer segregation . Nat. Cell Biol...

... mesodermal cell migration during spinal neural tube closure, disruption of which may lead to spina bifida. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Handling Editor: James Briscoe Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 7 12...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: This Review discusses the cellular, molecular and biomechanical mechanisms involved in neural tube closure, focusing on the most recent advances in the field. Neural tube Neurulation Neural tube defects Spina bifida Planar cell polarity Convergent...

... embryos represses the expression of the homeobox-containing genes Pax3 and Cdx2 at the dorsal posterior neuropore (PNP), and subsequently diminishes the expression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target genes T, Tbx6 and Fgf8 at the tail bud, leading to spina bifida aperta, caudal axis bending and tail...

...Elizabeth A. Pickett; Gregory S. Olsen; Michelle D. Tallquist Spina bifida, or failure of the vertebrae to close at the midline, is a common congenital malformation in humans that is often synonymous with neural tube defects (NTDs). However, it is likely that other etiologies exist. Genetic...

... in the adjacent trunk tissues by RALDH2, and that Cyp26a1 -null animals exhibit spina bifida and caudal agenesis. We now show that, in the absence of Cyp26a1 , retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) mediates ectopic RA-signaling in the tail bud. We also show that activated RARγ results in downregulation of Wnt3a...

... defects Spina bifida Epaxial muscle Hypaxial muscle Diaphragm Neural crest Neural crest cells emerge from the dorsal neural tube and migrate throughout the developing embryo ( Hall and Horstadius, 1988 ). One subset of neural crest cells follows a dorsolateral route and populates the skin...

[email protected] ) 10 12 1998 04 02 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Smad8 BMP Neuralization TGF-β Spina bifida Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of cell-cell signaling molecules play critical roles in specifying cell fate during embryogenesis...

... spinal neural tube defects. * Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan † Author for correspondence 22 11 1994 © 1995 by Company of Biologists 1995 curly tail mutant spinal cord spina bifida...

... craniorachischisis spina bifida Neurulation occurs with elevation of the lateral margins of the neural plate, which approach each other and fuse to form a neural tube. Both intrinsic properties of the neural plate and extrinsic tissues could be involved in neurulation ( Karfunkel, 1974 ; Schoenwolf, 1982...

...Ajit J. Alles; Kathleen K. Sulik ABSTRACT Treatment of C57B1/6J mice with three successive doses of all-trans retinoic acid (28 mg kg -1 body weight) on 8 day, 6h (8d,6h), 8d,12h, and 8d,18h of gestation resulted in a high incidence (79%, 31/39 fetuses) of spina bifida with myeloschisis (spina...

... interepithelial space neurulation epidermal ectoderm laminin spina bifida Neurulation in higher vertebrates is known to consist of a complicated series of events. Primary neurulation can be described in terms of three major stages: (1) the neural plate forms and thickens; (2) a medial groove develops...