... are a predominant cause of congenital thyroid diseases. The first molecularly recognizable step of thyroid development is the specification of thyroid precursors in anterior foregut endoderm. Recent studies have identified crucial roles of FGF and BMP signaling in thyroid specification, but the interplay between...

...Maria Micaela Sartoretti; Carla A. Campetella; Guillermo M. Lanuza ABSTRACT Significant progress has been made in elucidating the basic principles that govern neuronal specification in the developing central nervous system. In contrast, much less is known about the origin of astrocytic diversity...

.... The transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 20 (ZBTB20) has been implicated in regulation of cell specification during neocortical development. Here, we show that ZBTB20 instructs the generation of a subset of callosal projections neurons in cortical layers II/III in mouse. Conditional...

... for both development and regeneration. Whereas fate commitment events have distinct transcriptional footprints, fate biasing is often transitory and metastable, and is thought to be moulded by epigenetic programmes. Therefore, the molecular basis of specification is difficult to define. In this study, we...

.... Paradoxically, we demonstrate via fate mapping that, initially, SOX2 primarily marks nonsensory progenitors in the mouse cochlea, and is not specific to all sensory regions until late otic vesicle stages. SOX2 fate mapping reveals an apical-to-basal gradient of SOX2 expression in the sensory region...

... 2018 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: A specific class of microRNAs determines the generation of two functionally different classes of touch-sensitive primary sensory types by regulating timing of expression of a fate-specifying transcription factor. miR-183-96-182...

...Roberto Fiorelli; Kasum Azim; Bruno Fischer; Olivier Raineteau Neurogenesis does not stop abruptly at birth, but persists in specific brain regions throughout life. The neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the largest germinal region of the forebrain, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ...

... programmed for transmission of genetic and epigenetic information to subsequent generations. In this Primer, we summarise the establishment of the fundamental principles of PGC specification during early development and discuss how it is now possible to make mouse PGCs from pluripotent embryonic stem cells...

... to be activators of ectodermal specification and the secondary embryonic axis, instead restrict the expression of these genes to subregions of the BE. A detailed examination showed that endodermal Wnt5 functions as a short-range signal that activates only a narrow band of ectodermal cells, even though all ectoderm...

... of the primary cartilage. Fields of Sox9 -positive, Scx -positive, Col2a1 -negative cells identified at presumable eminence sites confirm the identity and specificity of these progenitors. The loss of eminences in limbs in which Sox9 expression was blocked in Scx -positive cells supports the hypothesis...

... 11 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Specification Determination Differentiation Epithalamus Zebrafish Neurons The presence of brain asymmetries is widespread among vertebrates ( Geschwind and Levitsky, 1968 ; Kohl et al., 2011 ; de...

...Ho Kyung Rho; David R. McClay Early development requires well-organized temporal and spatial regulation of transcription factors that are assembled into gene regulatory networks (GRNs). In the sea urchin, an endomesoderm GRN model explains much of the specification in the endoderm and mesoderm...

... by a combination of terminal patterning genes and snail . We generated HLH54F mutations and show that this gene is crucial for the specification, migration and survival of the CVM cells and the longitudinal midgut muscle founders. HLH54F mutant embryos, larvae, and adults lack all longitudinal midgut muscles...

... commitment just prior to morphological differentiation. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 17 10 2008 © 2008. 2008 Olfactory placode Nasal placode Chick Competence Specification Commitment Induction Ectoderm Cranial sensory placodes arise...

... is specifically upregulated upon induction of the π lineage and not in response to other LIN-12/Notch-mediated decisions. We determined that dual regulation by LIN-12 and FOS-1 is required for egl-13 expression at specification and for complete rescue of egl-13 mutants. We found that fos-1 mutants exhibit uterine...

...Tianyi Zhang; Swati Ranade; Chuan Qi Cai; Christopher Clouser; Francesca Pignoni During eye development, the selector factors of the Eyeless/Pax6 or Retinal Determination (RD) network control specification of organ-type whereas the bHLH-type proneural factor Atonal drives neurogenesis. Although...

...Paola Oliveri; Katherine D. Walton; Eric H. Davidson; David R. McClay The foxa gene is an integral component of the endoderm specification subcircuit of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo. Its transcripts become confined to veg2, then veg1...

... is the key regulator of GABAergic neurons, controlling their specification in the dorsal midbrain. Another conclusion from our results is that the function of Mgn shows a previously unrecognized role for h/E(spl) -related transcription factors in the dorsal midbrain GABAergic cell differentiation. Vertebrate...

... such as neurons and glia. The p75 + cells are located ventrolateral to the Kit + cells in areas of the NT where these two cell types are found. These data provide direct in vivo evidence for NC lineage segregation within the mouse neural tube. Neural crest Melanocyte Specification Lineage segregation...

..., that is, rostral regions of blastoderms transected at levels rostral to the node. RBIs are, therefore, free from the influences of Hensen's node and ingressing axial mesoderm - tissues that are able to induce Ganf , the earliest specific marker of anterior neural plate. We demonstrate, using such RBIs (or RBIs...