... a dorsal fin skeleton, a medial segmental structure termed the ‘fin box’ grows dorsally along the midline. In amphioxus, these structures are derived from the ‘external cell layer’ of the somites, not the sclerotome ( Mansfield et al., 2015 ), so the ontogeny of these structures is different from true...

... to clusters of primary mesenchymal cells that initiate secretion of the larval skeleton as triradiates. Tricaine-mediated Wnt5 spatial expansion correlates with the formation of ectopic PMC clusters and triradiates. These defects are rescued by Wnt5 knockdown, indicating that the spatial expansion of Wnt5...

...Maxwell A. Serowoky; Claire E. Arata; J. Gage Crump; Francesca V. Mariani ABSTRACT Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells with inconsistent characteristics...

...Amjad Askary; Pengfei Xu; Lindsey Barske; Maxwell Bay; Paul Bump; Bartosz Balczerski; Michael A. Bonaguidi; J. Gage Crump ABSTRACT Patterning of the facial skeleton involves the precise deployment of thousands of genes in distinct regions of the pharyngeal arches. Despite the significance...

... bone defects and larval lethality, establishing a key role for Osterix in bone formation in a non-mammalian species. Osteoblasts Osteogenesis Bone modelling Skeleton Medaka Osteoblasts are bone matrix-forming cells that differentiate from Sox9 - and Runx2 -positive mesenchymal...

...-Seq revealed robust interaction of Shox2 with cis-regulatory enhancers clustering around skeletogenic genes that are also bound by Hox-TALE factors, supporting a lineage autonomous function of Shox2 in osteogenic lineage fate determination and skeleton patterning. Pbx ChIP-Seq further allowed...

...; Jessica L. Keenan; Lingqi Luo; Jasmin Coulombe-Huntington; Todd A. Blute; Ekaterina Oleinik; Jonas Ibn-Salem; Albert J. Poustka; Cynthia A. Bradham The sea urchin larval skeleton offers a simple model for formation of developmental patterns. The calcium carbonate skeleton is secreted by primary mesenchyme...

... 2014 Gene regulatory network Morphogenesis Skeleton Biomineralization Sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Primary mesenchyme cells The progressive changes in form that characterize embryogenesis are encoded in the genome. The properties of cells that drive...

... ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 25 4 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 barx1 hand2 Cartilage Joint Skeleton Zebrafish The vertebrate head skeleton, including joints, is derived...

... of muscles to the skeleton and facilitate movement. Despite their functional importance, little is known about the development of bone eminences and attachment units. Here, we show that bone eminence cells are descendants of a unique set of progenitors and that superstructures are added onto the developing...

[email protected] ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 24 11 2011 © 2012. Gene regulatory network Primary mesenchyme Sea urchin Skeletal morphogenesis Skeleton The dynamic anatomical changes that characterize...

..., Endothelin 1 (Edn1) and Jagged1b-Notch2 in DV patterning of the facial skeleton, how these pathways are integrated to generate different skeletal fates has remained unclear. Here, we show that BMP and Edn1 signaling have distinct roles in development of the ventral and intermediate skeletons, respectively...

...Jared Coffin Talbot; Stephen L. Johnson; Charles B. Kimmel The ventrally expressed secreted polypeptide endothelin1 (Edn1) patterns the skeleton derived from the first two pharyngeal arches into dorsal, intermediate and ventral domains. Edn1 activates expression of many genes, including hand2...

... components of the facial skeleton by repressing ventral fates. In a genetic screen in zebrafish, we identified a loss-of-function mutation in jagged 1b ( jag1b ) that results in dorsal expansion of ventral gene expression and partial transformation of the dorsal hyoid skeleton to a ventral morphology...

... regions that undergo mesenchymal condensation; and vessel morphogenesis. During the latter, vessels that surround the condensations undergo an extensive rearrangement, forming a stereotypical enriched network that is segregated from the skeleton. In this study, we provide evidence for the centrality...

... © 2009. 2009 Fzd signaling Polarity Chondrocyte Planar cell polarity Morphogenesis Skeleton The growth of long bones is controlled via regulation of chondrocyte maturation in the growth plate cartilage, which is composed of four morphologically distinct zones of cells (see Fig...

...Louise Duloquin; Guy Lhomond; Christian Gache During development, cell migration plays an important role in morphogenetic processes. The construction of the skeleton of the sea urchin embryo by a small number of cells, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs), offers a remarkable model to study cell...

...Justin Gage Crump; Mary E. Swartz; Johann K. Eberhart; Charles B. Kimmel Development of the facial skeleton depends on interactions between intrinsic factors in the skeletal precursors and extrinsic signals in the facial environment. Hox genes have been proposed to act cell-intrinsically...

... Sciences, University of East Anglia,Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work † Present address: Yale School of Medicine; BCMM 147, 295 Congress Avenue CT 06511 New Haven, USA 14 10 2003 © 2004. 2004 Fgf Signalling Skeleton Although...

... of a conditional Jun allele by cre/LoxP-mediated recombination was used to screen for novel functions of Jun and revealed that its absence results in severe malformations of the axial skeleton. More-specific Jun deletion by collagen2a1-cre demonstrated the essential function of Jun in the notochord and sclerotome...