... ). Growth factor-mediated mesodermal cell guidance and skeletogenesis during sea urchin gastrulation . Development 140 , 4214 - 4225 . 10.1242/dev.100479 Adomako-Ankomah , A. and Ettensohn , C. A. ( 2014 ). Growth factors and early mesoderm morphogenesis: insights from the sea...

... expressed genes within the ciliome that display tissue and temporal specificity. Primary cilia Tissue heterogeneity Craniofacial Skeletogenesis Ciliopathy National Institute of General Medical Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000057 R01 GM124251 National Institutes...

... to environmental hypoxia during early development, but the GRN structure provides higher tolerance to hypoxia at later stages. Overall, sea urchin DV axis formation and skeletogenesis are strongly affected by hypoxic conditions during early development, and are regulated by Nodal, BMP, VEGF and HIF1, downstream...

.... 295 , 5 – 17 . 10.1002/ar.21469 Bandyopadhyay , A. , Tsuji , K. , Cox , K. , Harfe , B. D. , Rosen , V. and Tabin , C. J. ( 2006 ). Genetic analysis of the roles of BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 in limb patterning and skeletogenesis . PLoS Genet. 2 , e216 . 10.1371...

... no competing financial interests. 23 4 2012 © 2012. Dermal bone Hedgehog signaling Modularity Morphogenesis Skeletogenesis Zebrafish During formation of the skeleton, bones and cartilages with unique morphologies are produced to provide structural support...

... vasculature have been left understudied. Vascular patterning in the forming limb is tightly regulated in order to ensure sufficient gas exchange and nutrient supply to the developing organ. Once skeletogenesis is initiated,limb vasculature undergoes two seemingly opposing processes: vessel regression from...

... as an essential regulator of gastrulation and directed cell migration in the sea urchin embryo and as a key player in the gene regulatory network directing morphogenesis of the skeleton. To characterize the respective roles of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in gastrulation and skeletogenesis, we examined the expression...

... homeobox gene expressed during embryogenesis in ectomesenchyme and lateral plate mesoderm. Dev. Biol. 199 , 11 -25. Ten Berge, D., Brouwer, A., Korving, J., Martin, J. F. and Meijlink, F. ( 1998b ). Prx1 and Prx2 in skeletogenesis: roles in the craniofacial region, inner ear and limbs...

... 22 12 2004 ©2005. 2005 Chondrogenesis Craniofacial Gene duplication Genome duplication Limb morphogenesis Skeletogenesis Subfunction partitioning Conserved genetic pathways control development of chordate features (e.g. Bassham and Postlethwait, 2000 ; Satoh, 2003...

..., however, through a regulative pathway of skeletogenesis that is responsive to cell signaling. The Alx1 protein is highly conserved among euechinoid sea urchins and is closely related to the Cart1/Alx3/Alx4 family of vertebrate homeodomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins regulate the formation...

... surrounding the inner ear. The stapedial condensation would then interact with this area and become inserted in the window. Our experiments indicate that Hoxa-2 acts at very early stages of skeletogenesis since the expression of Sox9 and Cbfa1 , which are so far the earliest markers...

... arch in neural-crest-derived cells and in skeletogenesis in cells derived from the neural crest and the mesoderm. Embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight at 4°C, dehydrated, embedded in Paraplast and sectioned at 5 μm. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological...

... distribution in the blastocoel, the size of the skeleton and its branching pattern. In the present study, we have further examined the regulation of skeletogenesis by the ectoderm. We generated a ‘rate map’ of skeletal growth, which revealed stereotypical changes in the rates at which specific skeletal...

...-cell interaction morphogenesis extracellular matrix limb mesenchyme skeletogenesis cellular condensation Cell-cell adhesion and the events that subsequently take place between interacting cells, play important functional roles in biological processes ( Grunwald, 1991 ). Cell adhesion...

... of hatching in the embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus . Dev., Growth and Differ . 22 , 589 – 598 . 10.1111/j.1440-169X.1980.00589.x Decker , G. L. and Lennarz , W. J. ( 1988a ). Skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo . Development 103 , 231 – 247 . 10.1242...

.... By specifically labeling the small micromeres with 5-bromodeoxyuridine, we demonstrate that descendants of these cells do not participate in skeletogenesis in PMC-depleted larvae, even though they are the closest lineal relatives of PMCs. Skeleto-genic SMCs are therefore derived exclusively from the veg 2...