...Bo Hu; Joshua Pinzour; Asmi Patel; Faith Rooney; Amie Zerwic; Yuanyuan Gao; Nhan T. Nguyen; Huaping Xie; Ding Ye; Fang Lin ABSTRACT Pharyngeal endoderm cells undergo convergence and extension (C&E), which is essential for endoderm pouch formation and craniofacial development. Our previous work...

... genes, is expressed throughout the pharyngeal arches and is considered a key gene, when mutated, for the arch artery defects. Pax9 is expressed in the pharyngeal endoderm and is downregulated in Tbx1 mutant mice. We show here that Pax9 -deficient mice are born with complex cardiovascular malformations...

... of the pharyngeal apparatus, including cleft palate, thymus gland aplasia and cardiac outflow tract malformations. Tbx1 is expressed in the splanchnic mesenchyme,the pharyngeal endoderm (PE) and in the core mesoderm of the pharyngeal apparatus. Tissue interactions between the epithelia and mesenchyme of the arches...

... in the differentiation and survival of postmigratory neural crest cells (NCC) that give rise to the pharyngeal skeleton. Here we describe, in zebrafish, an earlier, essential function for Fgf8 and Fgf3 in regulating the segmentation of the pharyngeal endoderm into pouches. Using time-lapse microscopy, we show...

... © 2004. 2004 Pharyngeal pouches Pharyngeal endoderm Actin cables Morphogenesis Chick The pharyngeal arches are evident as a series of bulges found on the lateral surface of the head of all vertebrate embryos, and it is within these that the nerves, muscle, skeleton and epithelia...

... and suggests that chordin/Bmp signaling may participate in their pathogenesis. † Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 24 4 2003 © 2003. 2003 Chordin Bmp Tbx1 Fgf8 DiGeorge Pharyngeal endoderm...

... and their derivatives, as well as the formation of the first branchial pouch, appear to proceed normally, more posterior pharyngeal pouches fail to form and the pharyngeal endoderm develops a rudimentary, pouch-like structure. All derivatives of the posterior branchial arches are affected. These include the aortic...

... of these arteries is probably cell non-autonomous, as the gene is not expressed in structural components of the artery but in the surrounding pharyngeal endoderm. We hypothesized that Tbx1 may trigger signals from the pharyngeal endoderm directed to the underlying mesenchyme. We show that the expression patterns...

... that epibranchial placodes do not require neural crest for their induction, but rather that it is the pharyngeal endoderm that is the source of the inductive signal. We also find that, while cranial ectoderm is competent to respond to this inductive signal, trunk ectoderm is not. We have further identified...

.... 06 09 1995 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 Pax1 thymus T-cell maturation Thy-1 pharyngeal endoderm mouse Development of the thymic epithelium and T cell development are intimately linked by multiple interactions between thymic stromal cell and developing thymocytes...

... by the prospective pharyngeal endoderm during neurula and postneurula stages. In this study, we find that the specification of heart mesoderm must begin well before the end of gastrulation in Xenopus embryos. Explants of prospective heart mesoderm isolated from mid- or late neurula stages were capable of heart...