... fate specification in C. elegans . Germ plasm Germ granules Nanos MEG-3 Germline C . elegans Johns Hopkins University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007880 National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002 R37HD037047 T32GM007445...

... is that we never see Nodal pathway members within Nanos/Vasa-positive cells in the region known to give rise to the primordial germ cells (PGCs). The results from this work contrast the results of PGC specification in the sea urchin, and the dataset presented here enables deeper comparative studies...

... plays any role in male germ cell differentiation. To address these questions, we made conditional Nanos3/Nanos2 knockout mice and chimeric mice expressing chimeric NANOS proteins. Conditional double knockout of Nanos2 and Nanos3 led to the rapid loss of germ cells, and in vivo and in vitro experiments...

...-cell RNA sequencing. Germ cells Nanos Sea urchin Single cell mRNA-seq How cells of a developing organism change relative to each other is key to understanding embryogenesis. Important regulatory steps for developmental change may include various intersections with the central dogma...

... mutant ovaries exhibit multiple developmental defects, which we find to be largely caused by the inappropriate expression of a single gene, nanos , a key regulator of germline fate, in the somatic ovarian cells. In the female germline, we find that L(3)mbt represses testis-specific and neuronal genes...

... and then in the left side of the embryo where the germ cells form a posterior enterocoel. We find that Nodal signaling is required for the restriction of two germ cell factors, Nanos and Vasa, during the early development of this animal. We learned that Nodal inhibits germ cell factor accumulation in three ways...

... signals that specify somatic cell fates. To prevent somatic differentiation, PGCs must transiently silence their genome, an early developmental process that requires Nanos activity. However, it is unclear how Nanos translation is regulated in developing embryos. We report here that translation of nanos1...

..., making XND-1 the earliest zygotically expressed gene in worm PGCs. Strikingly, a subset of xnd-1 mutants lack germ cells, a phenotype shared with nos-2 , a member of the conserved Nanos family of germline determinants. We generated a nos-2 null allele and show that nos-2; xnd-1 double mutants display...

... protein Nanos to target the transcript that encodes CNOT6, a deadenylase, for degradation in the PGCs, thereby creating a stable environment for RNA. Misexpression of CNOT6 in the PGCs results in their failure to retain Seawi transcripts and Vasa protein. Conversely, broad knockdown of CNOT6 expands...

... Oskar initiates the assembly of the germ plasm. In addition to harboring germline determinants, the germ plasm is required for localization and translation of the abdominal determinant nanos . Consequently, failure of oskar localization during oogenesis results in embryos lacking germ cells...

... to be such multipotent cells: they are relatively quiescent in embryos, but contribute significantly to the coelomic sacs of the larvae, from which the major tissues of the adult rudiment are derived. These cells appear to be regulated by a conserved gene set that includes the classic germline lineage genes vasa, nanos...

... other taxa segregate their germline after embryogenesis from multipotent progenitor cells. An overlapping set of genes, including vasa, nanos and piwi , operate in both multipotent precursors and in the germline. As we propose here, this conservation implies the existence of an underlying germline...

...Jeremy A. Lynch; Claude Desplan Abdominal patterning in Drosophila requires the function of nanos ( nos ) to prevent translation of hunchback ( hb ) mRNA in the posterior of the embryo. nos function is restricted to the posterior by the translational repression of mRNA that is not incorporated...

... Caenorhabditis elegans Translational control RNA-binding protein 3′UTR Germ cells Nanos Many maternally expressed genes play crucial roles during early embryonic development. As these genes are transcribed prior to fertilization, regulation at post-transcriptional stages is key for their proper...

...Roshan A. Jain; Elizabeth R. Gavis Anterior-posterior axis patterning of the Drosophila embryo requires Nanos activity selectively in the posterior. This spatial asymmetry of Nanos is generated by the localization of nanos mRNA to the posterior pole of the embryo, where it is subsequently...

...Lyudmila Y. Kadyrova; Yasuaki Habara; Tammy H. Lee; Robin P. Wharton In the Drosophila embryo, Nanos and Pumilio collaborate to repress the translation of hunchback mRNA in the somatic cytoplasm. Both proteins are also required for repression of maternal Cyclin B mRNA in the germline; it has...

...Kevin M. Forrest; Ira E. Clark; Roshan A. Jain; Elizabeth R. Gavis Translational control of gene expression plays a fundamental role in the early development of many organisms. In Drosophila , selective translation of nanos mRNA localized to the germ plasm at the posterior of the embryo, together...

...Ira E. Clark; Krista C. Dobi; Heather K. Duchow; Anna N. Vlasak; Elizabeth R. Gavis Translational repression of maternal nanos ( nos ) mRNA by a cis -acting Translational Control Element (TCE) in the nos 3′UTR is critical for anterior-posterior patterning of the Drosophila embryo. We show, through...

...Sherri Evans Bergsten; Tao Huang; Seema Chatterjee; Elizabeth R. Gavis ABSTRACT Localization of nanos ( nos ) mRNA to the germ plasm at the posterior pole of the Drosophila embryo is essential to activate nos translation and thereby generate abdominal segments. nos RNA localization is mediated...

...Arturo C. Verrotti; Robin P. Wharton ABSTRACT Nanos (Nos) is a translational regulator that governs abdominal segmentation of the Drosophila embryo in collaboration with Pumilio (Pum). In the embryo, the mode of Nos and Pum action is clear: they form a ternary complex with critical sequences...