... regarding the temporal and molecular control of their division and its impact on myelination. We report that Sil, a spindle pole protein associated with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, is required for temporal mitotic exit of SCs. In sil -deficient cassiopeia ( csp −/− ) mutants, SCs fail...

...Joana Paes de Faria; Raquel S. Vale-Silva; Reinhard Fässler; Hauke B. Werner; João B. Relvas ABSTRACT The extensive morphological changes of oligodendrocytes during axon ensheathment and myelination involve assembly of the Ilk-Parvin-Pinch (IPP) heterotrimeric complex of proteins to relay essential...

...Mary Zakaria; Julien Ferent; Ines Hristovska; Yousra Laouarem; Amina Zahaf; Abdelmoumen Kassoussi; Marie-Eve Mayeur; Olivier Pascual; Frederic Charron; Elisabeth Traiffort ABSTRACT Myelination leads to the formation of myelin sheaths surrounding neuronal axons and is crucial for function...

...Harwin Sidik; William S. Talbot Precise control of oligodendrocyte migration and development is crucial for myelination of axons in the central nervous system (CNS), but important questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms controlling these processes. In a zebrafish screen for myelination...

...Steven A. Goldman; Nicholas J. Kuypers Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, an insulating sheath required for the saltatory conduction of electrical impulses along axons. Oligodendrocyte loss results in demyelination, which leads to impaired neurological function in a broad array of diseases ranging...

...Bilal E. Kerman; Hyung Joon Kim; Krishnan Padmanabhan; Arianna Mei; Shereen Georges; Matthew S. Joens; James A. J. Fitzpatrick; Roberto Jappelli; Karen J. Chandross; Paul August; Fred H. Gage Myelination in the central nervous system is the process by which oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths...

... In the embryonic CNS, development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes is limited by bone morphogenetic proteins, which constitute one arm of the transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) family and signal canonically via Smads 1/5/8. Tgfβ ligands and Activins comprise the other arm and signal via Smads 2/3...

... phases of terminal differentiation. Surprisingly, their deletion does not alter precursor characteristics but interferes with proper differentiation. Although a direct influence on myelin gene expression may be part of their function, we provide evidence for another mode of action. SoxB1 proteins promote...

... of RhoA by Smurf1 is important in this process. In addition, we demonstrate that acute knockdown of Smurf1 in vivo in the developing cerebellar cortex results in impaired axonal growth and migration. Finally, we show that a stabilized form of Smurf1 overrides the inhibition of axon growth by myelin. Taken...

... in which Olig2 was deleted specifically in NG2 cells. Constitutive deletion of Olig2 in NG2 cells in the neocortex and corpus callosum but not in ventral forebrain caused them to convert their fate into astrocytes, with a concomitant severe reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes and myelin. Deletion...

...Julie R. Perlin; Mark E. Lush; W. Zac Stephens; Tatjana Piotrowski; William S. Talbot During peripheral nerve development, each segment of a myelinated axon is matched with a single Schwann cell. Tight regulation of Schwann cell movement, proliferation and differentiation is essential to ensure...

...Kelly R. Monk; Kazuo Oshima; Simone Jörs; Stefan Heller; William S. Talbot In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath that insulates axons and allows rapid propagation of action potentials. Although a number of regulators of Schwann cell development are known, the signaling pathways...

... for the chemotropic guidance cue netrin 1 and its receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (Dcc) in the remodeling of oligodendrocyte processes. Postmigratory, premyelinating oligodendrocytes express Dcc but not netrin 1, whereas mature myelinating oligodendrocytes express both. We demonstrate that netrin 1 promotes...

...Michiya Sugimori; Motoshi Nagao; Carlos M. Parras; Hiroko Nakatani; Mélanie Lebel; François Guillemot; Masato Nakafuku Development of oligodendrocytes, myelin-forming glia in the central nervous system (CNS), proceeds on a protracted schedule. Specification of oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs...

... into astrocytes. The in vivo fate of NG2 glia was examined in mice that were double transgenic for NG2creBAC and the Cre reporter Z/EG. In the double transgenic mice, the Cre reporter EGFP was detected in myelinating oligodendrocytes and in a subpopulation of protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter...

...Holly Colognato; Jason Galvin; Zhen Wang; Jenne Relucio; Tom Nguyen; David Harrison; Peter D. Yurchenco; Charles ffrench-Constant Developmental abnormalities of myelination are observed in the brains of laminin-deficient humans and mice. The mechanisms by which these defects occur remain unknown...

... that in 1.9 mbp-lacZ transgenic animals, only myelinating oligodendrocytes express the transgene ( Stankoff et al., 1996 ). In the β2nZ3′1 transgenic, only the nuclei of a specific set of developing and mature interneurons are β-gal + ( Cohen-Tannoudji et al., 1992 ; Jankovski and Sotelo, 1996...

...Christelle Olivier; Immaculada Cobos; Eva Maria Perez Villegas; Nathalie Spassky; Bernard Zalc; Salvador Martinez; Jean-Léon Thomas ABSTRACT Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system. In the brain, oligodendrocyte precursors arise in multiple restricted foci...

... cord and cerebellum, but less severe reductions of both cell types in the medulla. This correlation suggests a close link between PDGFR α-progenitors and oligodendrogenesis in most or all parts of the CNS. We also provide evidence that myelin proteolipid protein ( PLP/DM-20 )-positive cells in the late...

...Paula Murphy; Piotr Topilko; Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury; Tania Seitanidou; Annick Baron-Van Evercooren; Patrick Charnay ABSTRACT The zinc finger transcription factor gene Krox-20 is expressed in Schwann cells and is required for the myelination of peripheral nerves. We show that the regulation...