... causes hypospadias. Shh directs cloacal septation by promoting cell proliferation in adjacent urorectal septum mesenchyme. Additionally, conditional inactivation of smoothened in the genital ectoderm and cloacal/urethral endoderm shows that the ectoderm is a direct target of Shh and is required...

... to promote cell proliferation. By contrast, β-catenin is required in the ectoderm to maintain tissue integrity, possibly through cell-cell adhesion during GT outgrowth. The fact that both endodermal and ectodermal β-catenin knockout animals develop severe hypospadias in both sexes raises the possibility...

...Anita Petiot; Claire L. Perriton; Clive Dickson; Martin J. Cohn Development of external genitalia in mammalian embryos requires tight coordination of a complex series of morphogenetic events involving outgrowth,proximodistal and dorsoventral patterning, and epithelial tubulogenesis. Hypospadias...

[email protected] ) 27 7 2001 © 2001. 2001 External genitalia Shh Fgf Bmp Genital tubercle Urethra Hypospadias Mouse The molecular mechanism that underlies the morphogenesis of external genitalia in mammals is poorly known. The genital tubercle (GT) constitutes the anlage...

... with or without hypospadias. XX true hermaphrodites are characterized by the presence of both testicular and ovarian tissue and have ambiguous genitalia. They do not have Y-DNA. Several instances of familial XX maleness are critically analysed. In these pedigrees, most of the affected individuals are true...