... and endoderm. To gain insights into this process, we use micropatterning together with FGF and the WNT pathway activator CHIR9901 to guide the development of human embryonic stem cells into reproducible patterns of APS cell fates. We show that CHIR9901 dosage dictates the downstream dynamics of endogenous TGFβ...

... mammalian models and human embryos are uncovering an unexpected developmental diversity. Focusing on first lineage differentiation, crucial regulators of murine TE commitment, such as EOMES and CDX2, have been shown to be dispensable for TE differentiation in bovine embryos ( Berg et al., 2011 ; Goissis...

... of human HSPCs. Upon interaction, HSPCs polarize in interphase with the centrosome, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes positioned close to the site of contact. Subsequently, during mitosis, HSPCs orient their spindle perpendicular to the plane of contact. This division mode gives rise to siblings...

... stem cell type, the basal (or outer) radial glia. Next, we concentrate on primate-specific and human-specific genes, expressed in OSVZ-progenitors, the ability of which to amplify these progenitors by targeting the regulation of the cell cycle ultimately underlies the evolutionary increase in upper...

... induction of NMPs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) relies on Notch signalling. Using hESC-derived NMPs and chick embryo grafting, we demonstrate that Notch directs a pro-mesodermal character at the expense of neural fate. We show that Notch also contributes to activation of HOX gene expression...

... in humans. * These authors contributed equally to this work ‡ Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Handling Editor: Debra Silver Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 26 4 2023 12 12 2023 © 2024. Published...

... is common across evolution. Functions of such polyploidy are essentially unknown. Here, in both Drosophila larvae and human organ donors, we reveal distinct polyploidy levels in cardiac organ chambers. In Drosophila , differential growth and cell cycle signal sensitivity leads the heart chamber to reach...

... of the mitotic spindle in vitro in human cells and in vivo in Xenopus . Investigation of CHD2 provides evidence that mutations present in individuals with ASD cause a range of microtubule-related phenotypes, including disrupted localization of the protein at mitotic spindles, cell cycle stalling, DNA damage...

...Olga G. Jaime; Jessica Arias; Shreya Pavani; April D. Pyle; Michael R. Hicks ABSTRACT The earliest skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often identified by factors expressed by a diverse number of progenitors. An early transcriptional...

... development and disease. Previously, our group developed methods to produce prostate organoids using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we show that human iPSCs can be differentiated into prostate organoids using neonatal rat seminal vesicle mesenchyme in vitro . The organoids can be used to study...

... underlying the diversification of these cell lineages remain unclear. To determine the transcriptional trajectory of prosensory cells, we established a SOX2 -2A-ntdTomato human embryonic stem cell line using CRISPR/Cas9, and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses with SOX2 -positive cells isolated...

.... To investigate this, we analyzed the expression profile of spermatogonial markers during the seminiferous epithelial cycle in cynomolgus monkeys and compared the results with human data. We found that in cynomolgus monkeys, as in humans, undifferentiated spermatogonia are largely quiescent, and the few engaged...

... cells into human intestinal organoids (HIOs) has served as a powerful means for creating complex three-dimensional intestinal structures. Owing to their diverse cell populations, transplantation into an animal host is supported with this system and allows the temporal formation of fully laminated...

.... Niakan ABSTRACT Our understanding of the molecular events driving cell specification in early mammalian development relies mainly on mouse studies, and it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are conserved across mammals, including humans. We have shown that the establishment of cell polarity via...

... formation, productivity and function in the context of reproductive success in mammalian systems, primarily mouse and human. Although much is known about the specific genes and proteins required for meiotic processes and sperm function, we know relatively little about other gametic determinants of overall...

... in this morphogenetic process. In this Review, we summarize the resulting scenarios and proposed models that include common and species-specific events. We further discuss how these studies and those in environmentally adapted blind species may shed light on human inborn eye malformations that result from failures...

... endothelial-fibronectin interactions in FGR are a key mechanism underlying impaired FGR endothelial migration. Using human fetoplacental endothelial cells isolated from uncomplicated term control and FGR pregnancies, we assessed integrin α5β1 and αvβ3 regulation during cell migration. We show that endothelial...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2022 Summary: This Review presents the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical forces acting on the embryonic gut and their determining role in structuring the development of this organ. Biomechanics Intestine Embryo Mouse Chicken Human Université de Paris...

...Xiaodun Yang; Jeffrey C. Raum; Junil Kim; Reynold Yu; Juxiang Yang; Gabriella Rice; Changhong Li; Kyoung-Jae Won; Diana E. Stanescu; Doris A. Stoffers ABSTRACT Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is crucial for pancreas organogenesis, yet the dynamic changes in PDX1 binding in human or mouse...

... therapies for leukodystrophies. However, caveats to oligodendrocyte differentiation protocols ( Ehrlich et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2013 ; Douvaras and Fossati, 2015 ) from human embryonic stem and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which include slow and inefficient differentiation, and tumorigenic...