... unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: Flux in the underlying germ line contributes to complex morphogenesis of the adult hermaphrodite distal tip cell in C. elegans . Morphogenesis C. elegans Niche...

...Gautam Chandra Sarkar; Umanshi Rautela; Anita Goyala; Sudeshna Datta; Nikhita Anand; Anupama Singh; Prachi Singh; Manish Chamoli; Arnab Mukhopadhyay ABSTRACT Germ line integrity is crucial for progeny fitness. Organisms deploy the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling to protect the germ line from...

... proteins and their associated small RNAs in the male germline, with a particular focus on spermatogenesis. AGO Germ line Mammalian spermatogenesis miRNA MicroRNA siRNA The process of spermatogenesis involves complex, dynamic patterns of gene regulation and chromatin rearrangement...

...Kathryn Atwell; Zhao Qin; David Gavaghan; Hillel Kugler; E. Jane Albert Hubbard; James M. Osborne The Caenorhabditis elegans germ line is an outstanding model system in which to study the control of cell division and differentiation. Although many of the molecules that regulate germ cell...

... differentiation. The xnd-1 gene of C. elegans regulates meiotic crossover formation consistent with its expression from the mitotic tip of the germ line through the late pachytene region ( Wagner et al., 2010 ). However, the sterility and reduced brood sizes associated with xnd-1 suggest a more...

... chain results in two A pr chains. Reproduced, with permission, from Hara et al. (2014 ). Schematic (bottom) showing the cellular basis for germ line stem cell maintenance: chance stem cell loss through differentiation, signalled by the downregulation of GFRα1, is perfectly compensated for by stem cell...

... for germ cell identity and function. We propose three roles for poised chromatin in the mammalian germ line: prevention of DNA methylation, maintenance of germ cell identity and preparation for totipotency. We discuss these roles in the context of recently proposed models for germline potency...

.... , Extavour C. G. M. ( 2010 ). The molecular machinery of germ line specification . Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77 , 3 - 18 . 10.1002/mrd.21091 Extavour C. G. M. ( 2007 ). Evolution of the bilaterian germ line: lineage origin and modulation of specification mechanisms . Integr. Comp. Biol...

.... The converse experiment, testing the function of Bic-D in later processes of oogenesis, is complicated by the fact that loss of Bic-D prevents oocyte formation ( Ran et al., 1994 ). To deplete the germ line of Bic-D protein after oocyte determination, we used Bic-D mom flies in which Bic-D is provided...

...Mamiko Yajima; Gary M. Wessel The process of germ line determination involves many conserved genes, yet is highly variable. Echinoderms are positioned at the base of Deuterostomia and are crucial to understanding these evolutionary transitions, yet the mechanism of germ line specification...

... investigated the role of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) at the intersection of nutrition and the establishment of a stem/progenitor cell population using the C. elegans germ line as a model. We find that rsks-1 (which encodes the worm homolog of mammalian p70S6K) is required germline-autonomously for proper...

... propose that C. elegans orthologs of components of the RB tumor suppressor complex have distinct pro-apoptotic functions in the germ line and that the transcriptional regulation of components of the central apoptosis machinery is a critical determinant of constitutive germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans...

... localization at the posterior cortex was greatly diminished. These results indicate that the functions of CYK-4 are temporally and spatially distinct from RGA-3 and RGA-4 (RGA-3/4). RGA-3/4 and CYK-4 also play different roles in controlling LET-502 activation in the germ line, because rga-3/4 (RNAi...

... College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308,USA. 3 1 2007 © 2007. 2007 Notch Stem cell Germ line Drosophila Ovary Niche Adult tissues undergo continuous cell turnover throughout an organism's lifetime. Stem cells...

... and not detectable on the X chromosomes. This association is not dependent on the autosome-enriched protein MES-4. Focusing on possible roles of MRG-1 in regulating gene expression, we determined that MRG-1 is required to maintain repression in the maternal germ line of transgenes on extrachromosomal arrays...

... of MES-4 leads to derepression of X-linked genes in the germ line. We discuss how an autosomally associated HMT may participate in silencing genes on the X chromosome, in coordination with the direct silencing effects of the other MES proteins. † Authors for correspondence (e-mail: lbender...

..., characteristic aetiology. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 12 2005 © 2006. 2006 Insulin TGF- β AMPK PTEN LKB1 Cell cycle Lifespan Dauer Germ line C. elegans Following embryogenesis in C. elegans , the first stage (L1...

... in the Drosophila ovary. In the absence of Zpg the stem cell daughter destined to differentiate dies. The zpg phenotype is novel, and we used this phenotype to genetically dissect the process of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Our findings suggest that germ line stem cells differentiate upon losing...

... 22 06 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 Germ line Sex determination fog-3 tra-1 Transcriptional regulation Caenorhabditis elegans During animal development, many cells adopt one fate in males, and a different fate in females. To understand how sexual...

...Christina Yoon; Koichi Kawakami; Nancy Hopkins ABSTRACT Identification and manipulation of the germ line are important to the study of model organisms. Although zebrafish has recently emerged as a model for vertebrate development, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) in this organism have not been...