...Natalie G. Pfaltzgraff; Bingrun Liu; Dirk G. de Rooij; David C. Page; Maria M. Mikedis ABSTRACT The specialized cell cycle of meiosis transforms diploid germ cells into haploid gametes. In mammals, diploid spermatogenic cells acquire the competence to initiate meiosis in response to retinoic acid...

... confirm previous findings with regards to functional specialization of some organs – the salivary gland and trachea – and clarify the embryonic functions of another – the plasmatocytes. We also identify two early developmental trajectories in germ cells and uncover a potential role for proteolysis during...

... are facilitated by INO80 in coordination with H2A.Z and SUZ12 to establish poised chromatin. INO80 Poised chromatin Chromatin remodeler Germ cells Polycomb subunits Spermatogenesis National Institutes of Health R01GM101974 Lalor Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012756...

... regulators of reproductive and maternal-effect processes is used to disrupt genes with known maternal-effect functions. Mutagenesis Maternal effect Germ cells Maternally provided gene products regulate the earliest events of embryonic life, including formation of the oocyte, egg...

...Nicholas J. Webster; Rebecca L. Maywald; Susan M. Benton; Emily P. Dawson; Oscar D. Murillo; Emily L. LaPlante; Aleksandar Milosavljevic; Denise G. Lanza; Jason D. Heaney ABSTRACT In response to signals from the embryonic testis, the germ cell intrinsic factor NANOS2 coordinates a transcriptional...

...Grace V. Hancock; Sissy E. Wamaitha; Lior Peretz; Amander T. Clark ABSTRACT The peri-implantation window of mammalian development is the crucial window for primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. Whereas pre-implantation dynamics are relatively conserved between species, the implantation window...

...Danelle Wright; Makoto Kiso; Yumiko Saga ABSTRACT NANOS2 and NANOS3 are evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins involved in murine germ cell development. NANOS3 is required for protection from apoptosis during migration and gonadal colonization in both sexes, whereas NANOS2 is male-specific...

.... Subclustering of these major embryonic domains revealed over 50 cell states with distinct transcript profiles. Furthermore, we identified the transcript profile of two cell states expressing germ cell factors, one we conclude represents the primordial germ cells and the other state is transiently present during...

..., which may underlie their similar behavior during both differentiation and dedifferentiation processes. Finally, distinct differentiating germ cell cyst samples do not exhibit obvious dosage compensation of X-chromosomal genes, even considering the paucity of X-chromosomal gene expression during meiosis...

...Victor A. Ruthig; Matthew B. Friedersdorf; Jason A. Garness; Steve C. Munger; Corey Bunce; Jack D. Keene; Blanche Capel ABSTRACT The adult spermatogonial stem cell population arises from pluripotent primordial germ cells (PGCs) that enter the fetal testis around embryonic day (E)10.5. PGCs undergo...

... sequences and, accordingly, functions for piRNAs and PIWI proteins that are independent of TE regulation have been identified. This aspect of piRNA biology is expanding rapidly. Indeed, recent reports have revealed the role of piRNAs in the regulation of endogenous gene expression programs in germ cells...

... phase and an efficient S phase, permitting the continuous proliferation of GSCs for gamete production. GSK3β Cell cycle Germ cells Stem cell proliferation National Institutes of Health 10.13039/100000002 GM98200 GM98200S1 American Cancer Society 10.13039/100000048...

... cells of the germline. Germ cells Meiosis Caenorhabditis elegans pas-1 rpn-1 htp-3 Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology 10.13039/501100001407 BT/PR11893/BRB/10/1322/2014 Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science...

...Emily P. Dawson; Denise G. Lanza; Nicholas J. Webster; Susan M. Benton; Isao Suetake; Jason D. Heaney Testicular teratomas result from anomalies in embryonic germ cell development. In 129 inbred mice, teratoma initiation coincides with germ cell sex-specific differentiation and the mitotic-meiotic...

... that facilitates the membrane localization of GLP-1 /Notch. Self-renewal Differentiation STRIPAK Far complex Germ cells Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of all secreted and transmembrane proteins, including the ligands and receptors of some key signaling pathways...

... 2015 8 9 2015 © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Summary: During mouse spermatogenesis, some miRNA genes escape pan-chromosomal silencing of the X, in a process involving their physical relocation away from the XY body heterochromatin domain. Germ cells...

... to program primordial germ cells to undergo spermatogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 9 and several members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily are involved in this process in the foetal testis, counteracting the induction of meiosis by retinoic acid and activating germinal mitotic arrest. Here...

... as abnormal sperm and testes morphology. Additionally, null germ cell populations at specific stages in spermatogenesis, in particular spermatocytes and spermatogonia, exhibited increased rates of apoptosis. Disruption of H3f3b also altered histone post-translational modifications and gene expression...

... . Tor and InR are required cell-autonomously for the proliferation of precursors for both somatic niches and GSCs. These pathways also promote the formation of terminal filaments (part of the somatic niche). Significantly, InR, but not Tor, signaling non-autonomously promotes primordial germ cell (PGC...

... for differentiation of murine spermatogonia toward meiosis. We have exploited a property of incomplete cytokinesis, which causes male germ cells to form aligned chains of characteristic lengths, as they divide and differentiate. These chains revealed the stage of spermatogenesis, so the epigenetic differences...