.../pnas.1216151110 The advantages of models over crops as systems of choice to elucidate gene function typically include small organism size, short generation time, genetic resources, sequenced genomes and transformability. However, some of these advantages are no longer restricted to model...

... dorsally, the same kinds of interactions between Gli2 and Gli3 proposed for the hindbrain and spinal cord may also be involved in neuronal patterning. Gli gene function in the neural plate, and in the ventricular zone of the neural tube, may thus resemble the function of gap genes ( Rivera-Pomar...

... embryology in the 1890s. Molecular genetics now provides a powerful tool to probe both gene function and evolutionary relationships, and a greater connection has become possible. The expansion of experimental organisms beyond the standard model animals used in most studies of development allows us to ask...