... at the Hin cII site. The linearized fragment was ligated to the Sma I site of the integration vector pbsrΔEco to generate pbsr/cadA. Next, the plasmid DNA was cut with Eco RI and used to transfect KAX3 cells by electroporation in the presence of excess Eco RI. Gene disruption was achieved by homologous...

... type. To address the biological function of TIF1β, we have generated TIF1β-deficient mice by gene disruption. TIF1β protein was detected in wild-type but not TIF1 β − / − blastocysts. Homozygous mutant embryos, which developed normally until the blastocyst stage and underwent uterine implantation, were...

... ). Homeobox Dlx5 Gene disruption Craniofacial Inner ear Periosteal bone Mouse © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 16 06 1999 05 08 1999 * These authors have contributed equally to the work ‡ Authors for correspondence (e-mails: [email protected]; simeone...

... by preventing the conversion of satellite glial cells toward a Schwann celllike phenotype. 1 Present address: Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, PO Box 1125, N-0316 Oslo, Norway 30 05 1996 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 Schwann cell satellite cell myelin Krox-20 gene...

... that functional cooperation can also occur between non-paralogous Hox gene products in axial skeleton patterning. * Author for correspondence 22 11 1995 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 Hox genes gene disruption pattern formation functional redundancy combinatorial code Hoxa...

... produce similar vertebral transformations, thus support-ing a combinatorial code model for specification of vertebral identity by Hox genes. paralogous Hox genes gene disruption pattern formation combinatorial code mouse Hoxa-9 Hoxd-9 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 22...

.... The process of endosteal bone formation is responsible for the generation of bony trabeculae and of the inner surface of the cavity of most long bones. bone formation gene disruption Krox-20 transcriptional control mouse © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 06 10 1995...

.... for paralogues located 5’). Accordingly, the consequences of single Hox gene disruptions also seem to be more severe in distal regions, ranging from no detectable effect in the stylopod (e.g. in the case of Hoxa-9) to marked alterations in the autopod (in the cases of Hoxa-13 and Hoxd-13). Altogether...

... induce expression of prespore and prestalkenriched genes during the postaggregative stages of development. We show here that in cell lines carrying a cAR1 gene disruption, nanomolar pulses cannot induce aggregative gene expression. Remarkably, micromolar cAMP can induce expression of aggregative genes...

... of a developmental circuit can result in dramatic differences in phenotypic consequences. 27 09 1992 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 int-2 Fgf-3 proto-oncogene gene targeting gene disruption ES cells tail inner ear developmental mutant The int-2 gene (also designated...