... that ubiquitylation may be involved in GlyT1a degradation. The clathrin inhibitor blocked GlyT1a internalization. Strikingly, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator triggered the heterochronic internalization of GlyT1a; the PKC inhibitor markedly blocked GlyT1a endocytosis. Lastly, clathrin inhibition completely...

... that RALF1 modulated the dynamics and partitioning of FER-GFP at the plasma membrane (PM). Moreover, FER was internalized by both clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) under steady-state conditions. After RALF1 treatment, FER-GFP internalization was primarily enhanced...

..., insects undergo developmentally programmed tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms that regulate this rapid tissue remodeling are not precisely understood. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of endocytosis modulate physiological cell properties to prime larval epidermal cells for cell elimination...

... controls neuronal migration in metazoans, in addition to many other aspects of neural development. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans VANG-1, a membrane protein that acts in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, antagonizes Wnt signaling by facilitating endocytosis of the Frizzled receptors. Mutations...

...Yaning Cui; Xiaojuan Li; Meng Yu; Ruili Li; Lusheng Fan; Yingfang Zhu; Jinxing Lin ABSTRACT The plant transmembrane receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) is crucial for innate immunity. Although previous studies have reported FLS2-mediated signal transduction and endocytosis via the clathrin...

... endocytosis is increased in PAPC-expressing cells, subsequently affecting CDH2 internalization in the anterior compartment of the future somite. This in turn generates a differential adhesion interface, allowing formation of the acellular fissure that defines the somite boundary. Thus, periodic expression...

... impairs Lrp6 endocytosis, downstream Gsk3β activity, and β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus. The proliferative defect in Flna and Fmn2 null neural progenitors is rescued by inhibiting Gsk3β activity. Our findings thus reveal a novel mechanism whereby actin-associated proteins regulate proliferation...

..., these findings indicate that Vps4 can promote EGFR activity through an endocytosis-independent mechanism. * Present address: Institut Jacques Monod, UMR7592 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, Paris 75205, Cedex 13, France. ‡ Author for correspondence ( [email protected]...

... Drosophila oogenesis. Cc2d1a Aki Tape Dpp Lgd [L(2)gd1] Notch signalling Endocytosis In recent years, it has been established that the tumour suppressor gene lethal (2) giant discs ( lgd ) [ l(2)gd1 – FlyBase] has a function in the endosomal pathway and in the regulation...

.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Heparan sulfate Proteoglycan Embryo Endocytosis Dishevelled C. elegans Mitotic spindle orientation defines cell division orientation and plays crucial roles in animal development and tissue homeostasis ( Gillies and Cabernard, 2011...

... for the formation of cytoplasmic dilation and nuclear elongation during the locomotion mode of neuronal migration. Dynasore is a specific inhibitor for dynamin 1 and dynamin 2, both of which are essential for many types of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Macia et al., 2006 ). When...

...Geert de Vreede; Joshua D. Schoenfeld; Sarah L. Windler; Holly Morrison; Han Lu; David Bilder Scribble (Scrib) module proteins are major regulators of cell polarity, but how they influence membrane traffic is not known. Endocytosis is also a key regulator of polarity through roles that remain...

... Endocytosis Endothelium Mouse Dynamin (Dnm) is a GTPase essential for membrane fission leading to clathrin-mediated endocytosis ( Ferguson and De Camilli, 2012 ). There are three isoforms of Dnm in mammalian cells, Dnm1, Dnm2 and Dnm3, which are encoded by distinct genes that are differentially...

...Miyuki Sato; Ryosuke Konuma; Katsuya Sato; Kotone Tomura; Ken Sato In Caenorhabditis elegans , fertilization triggers endocytosis and rapid turnover of maternal surface membrane proteins in lysosomes, although the precise mechanism of this inducible endocytosis is unknown. We found that high levels...

... a compensatory increase in fetal and perinatal growth that correlates positively with increased adult-onset cardiovascular, metabolic and behavioural disease. Here, to investigate early mechanisms of compensatory nutrient provision, we assessed the influence of maternal Emb-LPD on endocytosis within extra...

... mRNA transcripts. Single-cell global gene expression profiling showed that undifferentiated cells fell into two clusters delineated by expression of DLL1 and its binding partner syntenin. The DLL1 + cluster had elevated expression of genes associated with endocytosis, integrin-mediated adhesion...

... Drosophila and demonstrate that Atg6 is essential for autophagy, endocytosis and protein secretion. By contrast, the core autophagy gene Atg1 is required for autophagy and protein secretion, but it is not required for endocytosis. Unlike null mutants of other core autophagy genes, all Atg6 mutant animals...

...Thomas E. Willnow; Annabel Christ; Annette Hammes Receptor-mediated endocytosis provides a mechanism by which cells take up signaling molecules from the extracellular space. Recent studies have shown that one class of endocytic receptors, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs...

... California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 12 5 2011 © 2011. Noggin Hinge point Apical constriction Basal nuclear migration Endocytosis EEA1 RAB5 PAR3 Lethal giant larva...

... 2011 © 2011. 2011 Auxin PIN Endocytosis Arabidopsis The phytohormone auxin is transported from its site of biosynthesis by an intercellular transport system, which is called polar auxin transport. Polar auxin transport establishes asymmetrical auxin distribution in organs...