...Ravindra S. Prajapati; Mark Hintze; Andrea Streit ABSTRACT During early embryogenesis, the ectoderm is rapidly subdivided into neural, neural crest and sensory progenitors. How the onset of lineage determinants and the loss of pluripotency markers are temporally and spatially coordinated in vivo...

...Kaoru S. Imai; Hiroki Hikawa; Kenji Kobayashi; Yutaka Satou Epidermis and neural tissues differentiate from the ectoderm in animal embryos. Although epidermal fate is thought to be induced in vertebrate embryos, embryological evidence has indicated that no intercellular interactions during early...

...Daniel C. McIntyre; N. Winn Seay; Jenifer C. Croce; David R. McClay The border between the posterior ectoderm and the endoderm is a location where two germ layers meet and establish an enduring relationship that also later serves, in deuterostomes, as the anatomical site of the anus. In the sea...

...Lingyu Li; Chang Liu; Steffen Biechele; Qingqing Zhu; Lu Song; Fredrik Lanner; Naihe Jing; Janet Rossant Ectoderm is one of the three classic germ layers in the early mouse embryo, with the capacity to develop into both the central nervous system and epidermis. Because it is a transient phase...

...Thomas J. D. Bates; Alin Vonica; Janet Heasman; Ali H. Brivanlou; Esther Bell One of the earliest steps in embryonic development is the specification of the germ layers, the subdivision of the blastula embryo into endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Maternally expressed members of the Transforming...

...Ana Mafalda Baptista Tadeu; Valerie Horsley The development of the mature epidermis requires a coordinated sequence of signaling events and transcriptional changes to specify surface ectodermal progenitor cells to the keratinocyte lineage. The initial events that specify epidermal keratinocytes...

...Vincenzo Cavalieri; Rosa Guarcello; Giovanni Spinelli In the indirect developing sea urchin embryo, the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) acquire most of the positional and temporal information from the overlying ectoderm for skeletal initiation and growth. In this study, we characterize the function...

... of the epithelial component of the BF remains unknown. The BF arises in the tail bud, caudal to the cloaca and in close association with the cloacal membrane, where the anal invagination (anal sinus) of ectoderm and the caudal endodermal wall of the cloaca are juxtaposed. Serial semi-thin sections of the tail bud...

... tube and epidermis. Here, Dlx3, Dlx5, Pax6 and the pan-neuronal marker Hu serve as molecular labels to follow the maturation of olfactory precursors over time. When competence to form olfactory placode was tested by grafting ectoderm from different axial levels to the anterior neural fold, we found...

... of these protein kinases in cell fate determination in Xenopus epidermis. Early asymmetric cell divisions at blastula and gastrula stages give rise to the superficial (apical) and the deep (basal) cell layers of epidermal ectoderm. These two layers consist of cells with different intrinsic developmental potential...

...Ute Rothbächer; Vincent Bertrand; Clement Lamy; Patrick Lemaire Our understanding of the maternal factors that initiate early chordate development, and of their direct zygotic targets, is still fragmentary. A molecular cascade is emerging for the mesendoderm, but less is known about the ectoderm...

...Pedro Rifes; Lara Carvalho; Catarina Lopes; Raquel P. Andrade; Gabriela Rodrigues; Isabel Palmeirim; Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir The absence of ectoderm impairs somite formation in cultured presomitic mesoderm (PSM) explants, suggesting that an ectoderm-derived signal is essential for somitogenesis...

... is specified by a vegetally localized transcription factor, VegT, which releases nodal signals that specify the adjacent marginal zone of the blastula to become mesoderm. However, little is known about how the ectoderm becomes specified. In this paper, we show that the forkhead protein FoxI1e (also known...

...Clement Lamy; Ute Rothbächer; Danièle Caillol; Patrick Lemaire This work focuses on the anteroposterior patterning of the ectoderm in the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis . Previous work indicated that, by the eight-cell stage, the anterior and posterior animal blastomeres have acquired...

... of the animal plate and patterns neurogenesis, we have expressed molecules that regulate specification of ectoderm in embryos and chimeras. Enhancing oral ectoderm suppresses serotonergic neuron differentiation, whereas enhancing aboral or ciliary band ectoderm increases differentiation of serotonergic neurons...

...Sei Kuriyama; Giuseppe Lupo; Kunimasa Ohta; Shin-ichi Ohnuma; William A. Harris; Hideaki Tanaka In Xenopus , ectodermal patterning depends on a mediolateral gradient of BMP signaling, higher in the epidermis and lower in the neuroectoderm. Neural crest cells are specified at the border between...

...Mami Matsuo-Takasaki; Michiru Matsumura; Yoshiki Sasai During gastrulation in Xenopus , the head ectoderm is subdivided into the central nervous system (CNS) anlage (neural plate) and the non-CNS ectoderm (i.e. epidermis, placodes and neural crest). The winged-helix transcription factor Xfoxi1a...

...Emilie Delaune; Patrick Lemaire; Laurent Kodjabachian Neural induction constitutes the first step in the generation of the vertebrate nervous system from embryonic ectoderm. Work with Xenopus ectodermal explants has suggested that epidermis is induced by BMP signals,whereas neural fates arise...

... to fate map the oral epithelium in chick embryos, we show that the cells that will occupy the epithelium of the distal and the proximal mandible primordium already occupy different spatial locations in the developing head ectoderm prior to the formation of the first pharyngeal arch and neural crest...

...Douglas W. Houston; Christopher Wylie One of the earliest lineage restriction events in embryogenesis is the specification of the primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. In Xenopus , germ layer specification occurs prior to gastrulation and requires the transcription factor VegT both...