... suggest that cortical rotation distributes Wnt-like dorsal determinants to the dorsal side of the embryo, including the dorsal marginal zone, and that these determinants may directly establish Spemann’s organizer in this region. * These authors contributed equally † Present address...

... volume) causes a steady increase in the extent of dorsal reduction during first cell cycle with its maximum effect at 1.0 NT (average DAI=3.1). The surgery for the cytoplasmic removal does not affect cortical rotation. We conclude from these results that dorsal determinants are concentrated first...

... stage, which is known to restore the dorsal structures in the UV-ventralized embryos, had no effect on the vegetal-deleted embryos. These results show clearly that, in Xenopus , (1) the dorsal determinants (DDs) localized in the vegetal pole region at the onset of development are necessary for dorsal...