... 5 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems) in a final reaction volume of 25 μl under the following conditions: 95°C for 1.5 min, 40 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 60°C for 60 s, with a final melting curve analysis. Relative expression was determined by the comparative ΔΔCt method. PCR primers: FOXD3 forward: 5...

...? Integrating findings from diverse species, we conclude that the final commitment of the germline to gametogenesis – the process of germ cell determination – occurs after primordial germ cells (PGCs) colonize the gonads. Combining this understanding with medical findings, we present a model whereby germ cell...

... 11 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Specification Determination Differentiation Epithalamus Zebrafish Neurons The presence of brain asymmetries is widespread among vertebrates ( Geschwind and Levitsky, 1968 ; Kohl et al., 2011 ; de...

... 2006 © 2006. 2006 Sox10 Neural crest Fate specification Determination Dorsal root ganglion Neurogenin Zebrafish Transgene Waardenburg-Shah syndrome In the trunk and tail, sensory neurons are clustered with support cells(glia) to form a reiterated segmental series...

...Daisuke Saito; Sayuri Yonei-Tamura; Kohko Kano; Hiroyuki Ide; Koji Tamura Limb-type-specific expression of Tbx5/Tbx4 plays a key role in drawing distinction between a forelimb and a hindlimb. Here, we show insights into specification and determination during commitment of limb-type identity...

...Rui Chen; Georg Halder; Zhihuan Zhang; Graeme Mardon Retinal cell fate determination in Drosophila is controlled by an interactive network of genes, including eyeless, eyes absent, sine oculis and dachshund . We have investigated the role of the TGF-β homolog decapentaplegic in this pathway. We...

... hematopoiesis, which acts to selectively restrict lineage potential during differentiation from its permissive stem cell. These results are key to understanding how differentiative pathways are controlled and cellular phenotypes determined. A window to their modulation is presented. * Author...

...Jennifer L. Dockter; Charles P. Ordahl ABSTRACT When the somite first forms the cells appear to be equivalent in potential. In order to understand the lineage diversification of the somite, the determination of sclerotome cells to the cartilage fate was tested using an in vivo challenge assay...

...David K. Waid; Steven C. McLoon ABSTRACT The different retinal cell types arise during vertebrate development from a common pool of progenitor cells. The mechanisms responsible for determining the fate of individual retinal cells are, as yet, poorly understood. Ganglion cells are one of the first...

... cells determined to a myogenic fate are expected to differentiate as skeletal muscle. Large numbers of differentiated chondrocytes developed from dorsomedial quadrant grafts of all stages of paraxial mesoderm development tested, indicating that persistent chondrogenic potential in cells fated to form...

...Susan Euling; Victor Ambros ABSTRACT In Caenorhabditis elegans , the fates of the multipotent vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are specified by intercellular signals. The VPCs divide in the third larval stage (L3) of the wild type, producing progeny of determined cell types. In lin-28 mutants, vulva...

...Jürg Müller; Stephen Gaunt; Peter A. Lawrence ABSTRACT A key aspect of determination — the acquisition and propagation of cell fates — is the initiation of patterns of selector gene expression and their maintenance in groups of cells as they divide and develop. In Drosophila , in those groups...

..., and the visceral mesoderm were present in these embryos. These data suggest the presence of a gene(s) near the site of the 29D enhancer trap that is important in fat-cell determination. It is likely this Drosophila gene is associated with the 29D enhancer. * Present address: Department of Immunology...

... mutant embryos can override thoracic determination several hours after gastrulation (stage 10/11). At that stage antibody stainings reveal both proteins to be present in NB1-1 during normal development. Possible mechanisms confer-ring the early tagma-specific determination are discussed. † Author...

...Ritsu Kuraishi; Kenzi Osanai ABSTRACT Contribution of maternal cytoplasmic factors and cellular interaction to determination of archenteron in a starfish embryo was analyzed by (1) examining temporal and positional pattern of expression of an endoderm-specific enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, (2...

... 1994 © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 argos Drosophila eye development secreted protein determination heat shock The interaction between cells plays an important part in the determination of cell fate. These interactions range from the communication between abutting...

...Karin Lüer; Gerhard M. Technau ABSTRACT We have analyzed the development in vitro of individual precursor cells from the presumptive truncal segmental ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo to study the intrinsic component in the determination of cell fate. For each cultured cell, the original position...

...Jonathan J. H. Pearce; Prim B. Singh; Stephen J. Gaunt The Drosophila gene Polycomb (Pc) has been implicated in the clonal inheritance of determined states and is a trans-regulator of the Antennapedia-like homeobox genes. Pc shares a region of homology (the chromobox) with the Drosophila gene...

... 30 10 1991 © 1992 by Company of Biologists 1992 cell migration chick-quail determination limb muscle myotome myfkins sclerotome The somites of the developing embryo represent the primitive metameric units of the vertebrate body (Keynes and Stern, 1988; Stern et al., 1988...

... in dorsal, ventral, animal and vegetal half-embryos of Xenopus laevis isolated at the 8-cell stage . Cell Struct. Fund . 9 , 369 – 380 . Sives , H. L. , Hattori , K. and Weintraub , H. ( 1989 ). Progressive determination during formation of the anteroposterior axis in Xenopus...