... nuclear β-catenin, but the role of localised Wnt ligand signalling activity in their establishment remains unclear. In Xenopus , dorsal β-catenin is initiated by vegetal microtubule-mediated symmetry breaking in the fertilised egg, known as ‘cortical rotation’. Localised wnt11b mRNA and ligand-independent...

... Cortical rotation Microtubules Xenopus Cell-fate determinants are often asymmetrically localized to specific subcellular compartments. After cell division, daughter cells may acquire distinct fates depending upon the inheritance of these cell-fate determinants. Asymmetric inheritance...

... are displaced with parallel arrays by ∼20°, providing in vivo evidence of a cortical rotation-like process in zebrafish. Cortical displacement requires parallel microtubule arrays, and probably contributes to asymmetric transport of maternal determinants. Formation of parallel arrays depends on Ca 2+ signaling...

... rescues this effect, suggesting that Trim36 functions upstream of Wnt/β-catenin activation. We further find that vegetal microtubule polymerization and cortical rotation are disrupted in trim36 -depleted embryos, in a manner dependent on Trim36 ubiquitin ligase activity. Additionally, these embryos can...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 23 7 2003 © 2003. 2003 Frat Wnt pathway Axis specification Cortical rotation Microtubules The formation of the dorsoanterior axis in Xenopus is dependent upon a series...

... suggest that cortical rotation distributes Wnt-like dorsal determinants to the dorsal side of the embryo, including the dorsal marginal zone, and that these determinants may directly establish Spemann’s organizer in this region. * These authors contributed equally † Present address...

... volume) causes a steady increase in the extent of dorsal reduction during first cell cycle with its maximum effect at 1.0 NT (average DAI=3.1). The surgery for the cytoplasmic removal does not affect cortical rotation. We conclude from these results that dorsal determinants are concentrated first...

... 1996 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 Xenopus laevis dorsal determinants cortical rotation ligation cytoplasmic injection The dorsoventral axis of the Xenopus embryo is thought to be specified during the cortical rotation period ( Vincent et al., 1986 ; Vincent...

...Carolyn A. Larabell; Brian A. Rowning; Jonathan Wells; Mike Wu; John C. Gerhart ABSTRACT The dorsoventral body axis in amphibian embryos is established by a rotation of the outer cortex relative to the inner cytoplasmic core. This cortical rotation depends on microtubules and is correlated...

...Evelyn Houliston ABSTRACT The development of dorsal axial structures in frogs depends on a process of cortical rotation in which the cortex of the fertilised egg becomes displaced with respect to the cytoplasm. An array of aligned microtubules that develops between the vegetal cortex and cytoplasm...

... of a recipient at the same stage, can induce formation of a second axis. In the present experiments, using the same assay procedure, we found that the cytoplasm around the vegetal pole of an egg before cortical rotation is also active in inducing a second axis, that the activity decreases throughout the second...

..., that the microtubules of the array rotate with the cytoplasm. © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 cortical rotation microtubule sperm aster spindle Xenopus The unfertilized frog egg is organized with radial symmetry about an animal-vegetal axis. The bilateral symmetry of the tadpole...

... organization the earlier their gastrulation had been blocked. We discuss why axial pattern might depend systematically on morphogenesis. Copyright © 1989 by Company of Biologists 1989 cortical rotation Xenopus laevis mesoderm induction microtubules gastrulation polarity FGF TGF/3...