... that it is very possible to observe convergent expression patterns by chance ( Jenner, 2006 ; Moczek, 2008 ). Similarly, if we have reason to believe the divergence time is large or the rate of expression change is high, we might consider it increasingly plausible that we would not be able to detect similar gene...

... convergence force generation requires MII contractility and we identify a set of molecular phenotypes correlated with both this failure of convergence force generation in explants and of blastopore closure in whole embryos. These include reduced rates of actin movement, alterations in C-cadherin dynamics...

.... ( 2006 ). Genetic analysis of cavefish reveals molecular convergence in the evolution of albinism . Nat. Genet. 38 , 107 - 111 . Protas M. E. , Trontelj P. , Patel N. H. ( 2011 ). Genetic basis of eye and pigment loss in the cave crustacean, Asellus aquaticus . Proc. Natl...

... protein Mypt1, functions to maintain the precise balance between amoeboid and mesenchymal cell behaviors required for cells to undergo convergence and extension. Importantly, Mypt1 has different cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles. Loss of Mypt1 throughout the embryo causes severe convergence...

... differs at the morphological level between amphibians and teleosts, the underlying cellular mechanisms are conserved. Contrary to previous reports, the zebrafish neural plate is a multi-layered structure, composed of deep and superficial cells that converge medially while undergoing radial intercalation...

... tracing in ppt;ntl and kny;ntl mutants demonstrates that the ventral derived posterior tailbud progenitors move into the tailbud. However,gastrulation-like convergence and extension movements and cell movements within the posterior tailbud are impaired. Furthermore, subduction movements of cells...

...Nathalia S. Glickman; Charles B. Kimmel; Martha A. Jones; Richard J. Adams Promptly after the notochord domain is specified in the vertebrate dorsal mesoderm, it undergoes dramatic morphogenesis. Beginning during gastrulation,convergence and extension movements change a squat cellular array...

... roto c adherin (AXPC) , it subdivides gastrulating mesoderm into paraxial and axial domains. PAPC has potent homotypic cell adhesion activity in cell dissociation and reaggregation assays. Gain- and loss-of-function microinjection studies indicate that PAPC plays an important role in the convergence...

... /eyg C53 embryos (B) but Ser expression is unaffected even in embryos completely lacking eyg (C). Note that duct primordia in D are already defective in convergence and extension. In eyg- mutant animals, there is another salivary tissue affected in addition to the individual duct...

... territories of the zebrafish gastrula. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: thisse@titus.u-strasbg.fr ) 25 08 1997 © 1997 by Company of Biologists 1997 fgf-8 Spemann’s organizer gastrulation dorsoventral patterning convergence BMP2 BMP4 Chordin Noggin Goosecoid...

... in ovary morphogenesis, the basal stalks and interfollicular stalks, also form by cell rearrangement utilizing a convergence and extension mechanism. Terminal filament formation depends on the Bric à brac protein, which is expressed in the nuclei of terminal filament cells and is cell autonomously required...

... convergence brings the string to the midline and, once there, cells enter division 16. This division, or sometimes the next one, and the following cell movement reorient to separate siblings across the midline. This change converts the single string into a bilateral pair of strings, one forming a part of each...

...Ray Keller; John Shih; Carmen Domingo ABSTRACT We discuss the cellular basis and tissue interactions regulating convergence and extension of the vertebrate body axis in early embryogenesis of Xenopus . Convergence and extension occur in the dorsal mesoderm (prospective notochord and somite...

...Ray Keller; Mike Danilchik We show with time-lapse micrography that narrowing in the circumblastoporal dimension (convergence) and lengthening in the animal-vegetal dimension (extension) of the involuting marginal zone (IMZ) and the noninvoluting marginal zone (NIMZ) are the major tissue movements...