... cells to primitive ectoderm-like cells. L-proline Amino acid Primitive ectoderm Cell signalling Mouse embryonic stem cell Growth factor University of Sydney http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001774 Columbia University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006474 Amino...

... ( [email protected] ) Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 15 4 2011 © 2011. 2011 Cell signalling Gastrulation Cell migration E-cadherin Fibroblast growth factor Drosophila The development of tissues and organs...

... these cells are referred to as neural stem cells ( Patterson, 1990 ; McConnell, 1991 ; Alvarez-Buylla and Lois, 1995 ; Temple and Qian, 1996 ; Morrison et al., 1997 ). Cerebral cortex Progenitor cells Cell specification Cell signalling Glia Neuron Mouse © 2001. 2001 28 6 2001...

... to differentiate into the cerebellum. *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 11 4 2001 © 2001. 2001 Fgf8 Cerrebellum Tectum Mesencephalon Metencephalon Cell signalling Chick Molecular mechanisms involved in the regionalisation of the vertebrate...

.... , Coleman , J. R. and Zaret , K. S. ( 1996 ). Hepatic specification of the gut endoderm in vitro : cell signalling and transcriptional control . Genes Dev . 10 , 1670 – 1682 . 10.1101/gad.10.13.1670 Guz , Y. , Montminy , M. R. , Stein , R. , Leonard , J. , Gamer...

... suppressor ERM Cell signalling The embryonic axes of Drosophila are established during oogenesis through the localisation of specific mRNAs to different regions of the oocyte cytoplasm. This process is initiated through bi-directional signalling between the oocyte and the overlying follicle cells...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 07 11 2000 21 12 2000 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 Drosophila Embryo Visceral mesoderm Hindgut ectoderm Cell signalling In the Drosophila embryo, the mesoderm becomes subdivided soon after gastrulation...

... patterning Sonic hedgehog BMP Cell signalling Neural plate Chick © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 15 12 2000 08 02 2000 * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) ‡ Present address: Division of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical...

... that it is the spatial asymmetry of FGF signalling that is critical for the morphological interaction between axons and glia. Glia FGF Morphogenesis Grasshopper Cell signalling © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 30 07 1999 27 09 1999 ...

...-cell interactions and involves segment polarity genes. Drosophila melanogaster fused hedgehog wingless patched engrailed smoothened Suppressor of fused Cubitus interruptus Cell signalling Segment polarity Larval cuticle © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999...

... tissues and involves a diffusible signal. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 19 06 1999 23 08 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Isthmus Boundary Hindbrain Midbrain Rhombomere Fgf8 Gbx2 Cell signalling Regeneration The isthmus...

... of Freiburg, Institute for Zoology, Hauptstrasse 1, Freiburg D-79104, Germany 15 06 1999 23 08 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 narrowminded Neural crest Sensory neurons Cell signalling Zebrafish There are two cell types at the lateral edge of the neural...

... on a normal schedule in isolated cultures of spinal cord, separated from notochordal influences several days earlier ( Warf et al., 1991 ). Oligodendrocytes Spinal cord Sonic hedgehog Cell signalling Chick © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 04 05 1999 15 03 1999...

... as in early embryonic axis determination (for review see Hogan, 1996 ). BMP TGF-β Cell signalling Early embryonic development Mouse © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 17 3 1999 4 5 1999 * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) ...

...., 1999 ). ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work 20 01 1999 19 11 1998 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 Drosophila melanogaster Cell signalling Commissural pattern CNS...

... 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 MAP kinase ERK FGF Xenopus laevis cell signalling Many examples of regional specification in developing embryos are known to depend on the action of diffusible extracellular inducing factors and candidates exist for many of the factors...

... Patterning Mandible Lim homeobox Fgf-8 Goosecoid Mouse Cell signalling The establishment of pattern during embryogenesis involves the cellular and molecular division of cells to provide ‘positional information’. Branchial arches give rise to a wide range of structures specific to each arch...

... developmental events . Genes Dev. 9 , 742 – 755 . Caenorhabditis elegans Vulva lin-25 sur-2 Cell signalling let-60 ras © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 14 09 1998 ‡ Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) ‪ Present address: Umeå...

... 48109, USA 05 06 1998 21 07 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Drosophila Frizzled DFz2 Wingless Bristle formation Cell signalling Members of the Wnt family of secreted proteins play important roles in animal development ( Nusse and Varmus, 1992...

... their normal pathway. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 26 February 1998 21 January 1998 © 1998 by Company of Biologists 1998 Semaphorin Zebrafish Growth cone guidance Lateral line Cell signalling During development, neuronal growth cones extend...