... turning. We subsequently examined the role of Rho signaling, given that the hallmarks of Rho-induced apical constriction, including the induction of a wedged-cell shape, an increase in cell height, and basal retention of the nucleus ( Gelbart et al., 2012 ; Heer and Martin, 2017 ), were detected...

... of these molecules are mentioned in their respective colors below the phase of constriction in which their values were calculated. Microtubule network integrity is thought to enable cell shape maintenance through its ability to resist compressive forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton ( Ingber et...

...Sara Caviglia; Iris A. Unterweger; Akvilė Gasiūnaitė; Alexandre E. Vanoosthuyse; Francesco Cutrale; Le A. Trinh; Scott E. Fraser; Stephan C. F. Neuhauss; Elke A. Ober ABSTRACT Visualizing cell shapes and interactions of differentiating cells is instrumental for understanding organ development...

... Summary: This Primer explains and provides advice on two- and three-dimensional stress inference, an increasingly popular technique to identify the role of mechanics during embryo development. Mechanical stress inference Cell junction tension Cell pressure Cell shape Epithelia Development...

... are too often simplified as prismatic blocks with a limited plasticity. However, there is increasing evidence that a realistic approach, even from a reductionist perspective, must include apico-basal intercalations (i.e. scutoidal cell shapes) for explaining epithelial organization convincingly. Here, we...

..., including sustained upregulation of Bmp4 expression and the inability of mutant epicardial cells to transition into a mature squamous phenotype. We identified Bmp4 as a transcriptional target of Wt1, thus providing a molecular basis for the retention of the cuboidal cell shape observed in the Wt1KO...

... to identify mechanisms that mediate basal tissue folding to form the highly conserved embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary. Live imaging revealed Wnt5b as a mediator of anisotropic epithelial cell shape, both apically and basally. In addition, we uncovered a Wnt5b-mediated mechanism for specific regulation...

... by applying it to the complex shaped pavement cells of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and speechless leaves, and Drosophila amnioserosa cells. To validate our method's applicability to large populations, we analysed computer-generated tissues. By controlling in silico cell shape, we explored the potential...

... to cell shape changes, cross-section confocal images were taken and each cell was measured for height and width using ImageJ. Then for the same cell, the nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio of Yki:GFP (described above) was plotted against its cell height:width ratio. An exponential trend line was fitted using Excel...

...François Graner; Daniel Riveline In two chapters of his book On Growth and Form , D'Arcy Thompson used numerous biological and physical observations to show how principles from mathematics and physics – such as pressure differences, surface tension and viscosity – could explain cell shapes...

... identifies a primary role for α-Spectrin in controlling cell shape, perhaps by modulating actomyosin. In summary, we suggest that a functional spectrin-integrin complex is essential to balance adequate forces, in order to maintain a monolayered epithelium. * Present address: PLOS Biology, Carlyle Road...

... family . Development 126 , 5421 - 5429 . Condic , M. L. , Fristrom , D. and Fristrom , J. W. ( 1991 ). Apical cell shape changes during Drosophila imaginal leg disc elongation: a novel morphogenetic mechanism . Development 111 , 23 - 33 . Copp , A. J. , Checiu , I...

... evidence that Islet functions downstream of FGF signaling to regulate target genes required for palp morphogenesis, including cellular effectors underlying elongation. Given the correlation between Islet expression and cell shape in both Ciona and vertebrates, it is conceivable that a detailed...

...Amir Bitan; Ido Rosenbaum; Uri Abdu Within interphase cells, microtubules (MTs) are organized in a cell-specific manner to support cell shape and function. Here, we report that coordination between stable and dynamic MTs determines and maintains the highly elongated bristle cell shape. By following...

[email protected] ) * These authors contributed equally to this work Competing interests statement 11 2 2010 © 2010. Auditory outer hair cell Cell shape Cell-cell junctions Mechanosensitivity Hair bundle Electromotility Planar polarity Myosin VIIa Myosin II...

...Jennifer H. Gutzman; Hazel Sive We demonstrate that in the zebrafish hindbrain, cell shape, rhombomere morphogenesis and, unexpectedly, brain ventricle lumen expansion depend on the contractile state of the neuroepithelium. The hindbrain neural tube opens in a specific sequence, with initial...

... . Detailed phenotypic analysis of a phmyb1 mutant confirmed the role of PhMYB1 in the control of cell morphogenesis in the petal epidermis. The phmyb1 mutant showed that epidermal cell shape affects petal presentation, a phenotypic trait also observed following re-examination of mixta mutants. This suggests...

... and restricted to small angle adjustments. Disruption of astral microtubules leads to misalignment of the spindle. These results show that a mechanism of spindle orientation that depends on cell shape rather than cortical polarity can nevertheless generate cell fate diversity from a population of polarised cells...

...Mathias Köppen; Beatriz García Fernández; Lara Carvalho; Antonio Jacinto; Carl-Philipp Heisenberg Epithelial morphogenesis depends on coordinated changes in cell shape, a process that is still poorly understood. During zebrafish epiboly and Drosophila dorsal closure, cell-shape changes...

.... Noda, K., Glover, B. J., Linstead, P. and Martin, C. ( 1994 ). Flower colour intensity depends on specialized cell shape controlled by a Myb-related transcription factor. Nature 369 , 661 -664. Oppenheimer, D. G., Herman, P. L., Sivakumaran, S., Esch, J. and Marks, M. D. ( 1991 ). A myb gene...