... is formed by a single giant multinucleate cell: the syncytiotrophoblast. The syncytiotrophoblast is formed and maintained via fusion of progenitor cytotrophoblasts. Cell-cell fusion is a tightly regulated process, and in non-trophoblastic cells is accompanied by stereotypical alterations in cell shape...

... by which reprogramming may be experimentally performed: nuclear transfer to eggs or oocytes, cell fusion, extract treatment, direct reprogramming to pluripotency and transdifferentiation. * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Competing interests statement The authors declare...

... hermaphrodites have a whip-like, tapered tail tip, the male tail is blunt-ended and round. Here we show that the male-specific cell fusion and retraction that generate the adult tail are controlled by the previously undescribed doublesex- related DM gene dmd-3 , with a secondary contribution from the paralogous...

... by regulating expression of the lin-39 Hox gene. LIN-39 specifies cell fates and regulates cell fusion in the mid-body region, leading to formation of the vulva. In the lateral seam epidermis, differentiation and cell fusion have been shown to be regulated by two GATA-type transcription factors, ELT-5 and -6...

...Scott Alper; Cynthia Kenyon During larval development in C. elegans , some of the cells of the ventral epidermis, the Pn.p cells, fuse with the growing epidermal syncytium hyp7. The pattern of these cell fusions is regulated in a complex, sexually dimorphic manner. It is essential that some Pn.p...

..., retraction of the tail tip hypodermis involves a temporally ordered set of cell fusions and changes in cell shape that appear to be heterochronically delayed in tlp-1 males, suggesting that subtle changes in these events can bring about evolutionary changes in morphology. tlp-1 encodes a C2H2 zinc-finger...

..., suggests that the fusion-competent myoblasts are a distinct population of muscle-forming cells and that there are regulatory factors that lead to their selective differentiation within the general pathway of myogenesis. Drosophila Myoblasts Cell fusion Myogenesis Transcription factor...

... and the apportionment of monocistronic versus dicistronic transcription of both genes appears to be subject to cell-type-specific regulation. Collectively, these findings indicate that elt-5 and - 6 function continuously throughout C. elegans development to regulate seam cell differentiation and cell fusion...

.... 2001 Morphogenesis Gastrulation Cell migration Cell fusion Sea urchin embryo Primary mesenchyme cells EST analysis The primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) of the sea urchin embryo have been a powerful experimental system for the analysis of morphogenesis at the cellular level...

...Scott Alper; Cynthia Kenyon ABSTRACT Hox genes control the choice of cell fates along the anteroposterior (AP) body axis of many organisms. In C. elegans , two Hox genes, lin-39 and mab-5 , control the cell fusion decision of the 12 ventrally located Pn.p cells. Specific Pn.p cells fuse...

...Deborah E. Isaksen; Nai-Jia L. Liu; David A. Weisblat Cell-cell fusion is a component of many different developmental processes, but little is known about how cell- cell fusion is regulated. Here we investigate the regulation of a stereotyped cell-cell fusion event that occurs among the endodermal...

... of cell biological and anatomical approaches, we have determined a complete morphogenetic pathway of cellular events that lead to the formation of the vulva. These events include reproducible cell divisions, migrations, remodeling of adherens junctions, cell fusions and muscle attachments. In the course...

..., University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK 20 04 1995 © 1995 by Company of Biologists 1995 Drosophila embryo muscle myogenesis founder cell cell fusion myoblast city The larval muscles of Drosophila melanogaster form a complex but highly regular...

...-1606(82)90134-8 14 10 1993 © 1994 by Company of Biologists 1994 ascidian embryogenesis fate determination epidermis differentiation cell fusion cytoplasmic transfer cytoplasmic determinants Maternal information localized in particular regions of the egg cytoplasm...

... direction, namely, to the entire vegetal hemisphere from which future endoderm-lineage blastomeres are formed. 27 01 1993 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 ascidian embryogenesis fate determination endoderm differentiation cell fusion cytoplasmic transfer cytoplasmic determinants...

... and egg fragments were synchronized at the time of fusion. 22 07 1992 © 1992 by Company of Biologists 1992 ascidian embryogenesis fate determination muscle differentiation cell fusion cytoplasmic transfer cytoplasmic determinants The study of ascidian early embryology...

... and fusion of these cells during their differentiation into syncytial trophoblasts. * Author for correspondence © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 trophoblasts E-cadherin cell fusion cell adhesion molecule CAM human Knowledge of the molecular processes involved...

... nuclear factors. 02 10 1990 © 1991 by Company of Biologists 1991 nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction ovine oocyte maturation enucleation protein synthesis chromatin condensation cell fusion Maturation represents the period during which the oocyte undergoes a series of well...