... in the front line of innate brain immune response. Venus and mCherry knock-in mice exhibited expression of RTL5-mCherry and RTL6-Venus fusion proteins in microglia and appeared as extracellular dots and granules in the central nervous system. These proteins display a rapid response to pathogens...

...Kouhei Oonuma; Takehiro G. Kusakabe ABSTRACT The Ciona larva has served as a unique model for understanding the development of dopaminergic cells at single-cell resolution owing to the exceptionally small number of neurons in its brain and its fixed cell lineage during embryogenesis. A recent study...

.... Comparison with mice deficient for integrase interactor 1 ( Ini1 , also known as Smarcb1 ) revealed that the enlarged NR was Brg1 specific and was not caused by a general dysfunction of the SWI/SNF complex. These results suggest a crucial role for Brg1 in NSCs during brain and eye development. Handling...

... behavior . Biol. Psychiatry   83 , 607 - 617 . 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.032 Beretta , C. A. , Brinkmann , I. and Carl , M. ( 2011 ). All four zebrafish Wnt7 genes are expressed during early brain development . Gene Expr. Patterns   11 , 277 - 284 . 10.1016/j.gep.2011.01.004...

...Anna E. Hakes; Leo Otsuki; Andrea H. Brand ABSTRACT Neural stem cells must balance symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions to generate a functioning brain of the correct size. In both the developing Drosophila visual system and mammalian cerebral cortex, symmetrically dividing neuroepithelial cells...

...Magdalena Götz; Sophie Jarriault In early April 2017, over 130 delegates met in Munich, Germany, to discuss the latest research in the development and reprogramming of cells of the nervous system. The conference, which was organised by Abcam and entitled ‘Programming and Reprogramming the Brain...

... and apoptosis, in developing and adult brain. In addition, the RB family is required for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Since little is known about the role of RB in human brain development, we investigated its function in cerebral organoids differentiated from gene-edited...

... of the sensory vesicle, or brain, originates from ectoderm lineages following a neuro-epidermal binary fate decision. In contrast, a large part of the remaining posterior CNS is generated following neuro-mesodermal binary fate decisions. Here, we address the mechanisms that pattern the anterior brain precursors...

...Caroline Badouel; Mark A. Zander; Nicole Liscio; Mazdak Bagherie-Lachidan; Richelle Sopko; Etienne Coyaud; Brian Raught; Freda D. Miller; Helen McNeill Mammalian brain development requires coordination between neural precursor proliferation, differentiation and cellular organization to create...

...Thomas D. Arnold; Colin Niaudet; Mei-Fong Pang; Julie Siegenthaler; Konstantin Gaengel; Bongnam Jung; Gina M. Ferrero; Yoh-suke Mukouyama; Jonas Fuxe; Rosemary Akhurst; Christer Betsholtz; Dean Sheppard; Louis F. Reichardt Vascular development of the central nervous system and blood-brain barrier...

... Brain Hair follicle Tongue Mouse Complex metazoan animals are replete with structures that exhibit a high degree of spatial order. One type of order is apparent in the orientation of polar structures relative to local anatomic landmarks and/or the body axes. The genetic dissection...

... the mechanisms linking the activation of an alternative cell death modality and the cell cycle machinery could have a transformative impact on the development of new cancer therapies, but the mechanisms remain completely unknown. We investigated the regulation of alternative cell death in Drosophila larval brain...

...Tatsuro Ikeda; Terumi Matsuoka; Yutaka Satou The ascidian larval brain and palps (a putative rudimentary placode) are specified by two transcription factor genes, ZicL and FoxC , respectively. FGF9/16/20 induces ZicL expression soon after the bi-potential ancestral cells divide into the brain...

... by imprinting are paternally derived. However, during development such discrimination is reversed and in the adult brain maternally derived alleles, in particular, are silenced ( Gregg et al., 2010 ). Although its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, this shift might reflect a process of spatiotemporal...

... family of Smad co-factors. ‡ Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) * Present address: NICHD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 21 6 2012 © 2012. Drosophila Brain Neurons...

...Helena Acosta; Silvia L. López; Diego R. Revinski; Andrés E. Carrasco The blastula chordin - and noggin -expressing centre (BCNE) is the predecessor of the Spemann-Mangold's organiser and also contains the precursors of the brain. This signalling centre comprises animal-dorsal and marginal-dorsal...

... show here that a null mutation in the gene dmrt1 in the ascidian Ciona savignyi results in profound abnormalities in the development of the sensory vesicle (brain), as well as other anterior ectodermal derivatives, including the palps and oral siphon primordium (OSP). Although the phenotype...

... and detected three types of numb mutant Nb clones. Clones were induced at the newly hatched larval stage, and examined at the mid-third instar larval stage when Nbs were still actively dividing. We obtained comparable numbers of clones in wild-type versus numb mutant mosaic brains ( Fig. 7A ). However...

...Abhilasha Kumar; Bruno Bello; Heinrich Reichert The Drosophila central brain is composed of thousands of neurons that derive from approximately 100 neuroblasts per hemisphere. Functional circuits in the brain require precise neuronal wiring and tight control of neuronal numbers. How this accurate...

...Robert Lichtneckert; Lionel Nobs; Heinrich Reichert In both insects and mammals, second-order olfactory neurons receive input from olfactory receptor neurons and relay olfactory input to higher brain centers. In Drosophila , the wiring specificity of these olfactory projection neurons (PNs...