... as an indispensable heart inducer. A detailed analysis of the role of Bmp4 and its effectors Smad1/5, however, was still missing. We show that Bmp4 induces cardiac mesoderm formation in murine embryonic stem cells in vitro . Bmp4 first activates Wnt3 and upregulates Nodal . pSmad1/5 and the WNT effector Tcf3 form...

... in ureter specification by generating a mesenchymal domain around the distal ureteric bud where SHH and BMP4 signaling can occur. References Airik , R. , Bussen , M. , Singh , M. K. , Petry , M. and Kispert , A. ( 2006 ). Tbx18 regulates the development of the ureteral...

.... We have recently shown that epithelial FGFR2 signaling regulates stratification and differentiation of the epithelial compartment by enhancing epithelial Shh expression, and mesenchymal SHH and BMP4 activity. Here, we show that FGFR1 and FGFR2 expression in the mesenchymal primordium impinges...

... negatively on epithelial expression of Shh and its mesenchymal effector gene Bmp4 . Activation of SHH or BMP4 signaling largely rescued the cellular defects of mutant ureters in explant cultures. Conversely, inhibition of SHH or BMP signaling in wild-type ureters recapitulated the mutant phenotype in a dose...

..., including sustained upregulation of Bmp4 expression and the inability of mutant epicardial cells to transition into a mature squamous phenotype. We identified Bmp4 as a transcriptional target of Wt1, thus providing a molecular basis for the retention of the cuboidal cell shape observed in the Wt1KO...

..., it binds a gene cohort involved in primitive streak formation at gastrulation, including NODAL , BMP4 and WNT3 . Comparing TCF7L1-bound sites with those bound by the WNT signaling effector β-catenin indicates that TCF7L1 acts largely on the WNT signaling pathway. TCF7L1 overlaps less with the pluripotency...

... and function were explored in early porcine embryos. Notably, siRNA-mediated gene knockdown and lentivirus-mediated TE-specific gene regulation demonstrated that CDX2 is essential for the maintenance of blastocyst integrity by regulating the BMP4-mediated blastocyst niche and classic protein kinase C (PKC...

... cell death that includes mesodermal progenitor cells that have begun to precociously differentiate into cartilage cells. We propose that PRMT5 maintains progenitor cells through its regulation of Bmp4 . Intriguingly, adult and embryonic stem cells also require PRMT5 for maintaining pluripotency...

... stratification. We also discovered that Bmp4 is upregulated in the absence of β-catenin in keratocytes, which further triggers ERK1/2 (Mapk3/1) and Smad1/5 phosphorylation and enhances transcription factor p63 (Trp63) expression in mouse corneal basal epithelial cells and in a human corneal epithelial cell line...

... the BMP4 pathway is required for their differentiation. These findings establish an alternative model for patella development and provide the mechanical and molecular mechanisms that underlie this process. More broadly, our finding that activation of a joint formation program can be used to switch between...

... in palatal epithelial cells, indicating that Pax9 plays a crucial role in the mesenchyme-epithelium interactions during palate development. We found that expression of the Bmp4, Fgf10, Msx1 and Osr2 genes is significantly downregulated in the developing palatal mesenchyme in Pax9 mutant embryos. Remarkably...

... a transient region in the anterior-proximal side of the embryo at E7.0 that possesses the ability to become neural or epidermal ectoderm in response to the absence or presence of BMP4, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of Nodal signaling could direct the pluripotent E6.5 epiblast...

... trophoblast following BMP4 treatment in the presence of feeder-conditioned media; however, this model has not been widely accepted, in part owing to a lack of proof for a trophoblast progenitor population. We have previously shown that p63, a member of the p53 family of nuclear proteins, is expressed...

...Irfan Saadi; Pragnya Das; Minglian Zhao; Lakshmi Raj; Intan Ruspita; Yan Xia; Virginia E. Papaioannou; Marianna Bei Bmp4 expression is tightly regulated during embryonic tooth development, with early expression in the dental epithelial placode leading to later expression in the dental mesenchyme...

... that a distinct pool of Sox9 - and Scx -positive progenitors forms these superstructures. We demonstrate that TGFβ signaling is necessary for the specification of bone eminence progenitors, whereas the SCX/BMP4 pathway is required for the differentiation of these progenitors to eminence-forming cells. Our...

...Shihai Jia; Jing Zhou; Yang Gao; Jin-A Baek; James F. Martin; Yu Lan; Rulang Jiang Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas all tooth germs were arrested at the bud...

... ( cspg2, fibulin 1, tbx2b, bmp4 ) is expanded and endocardial cells along the extended tube-like structure exhibit characteristics of AV cells ( has2, notch1b and Alcam expression, cuboidal cell shape). Inhibition of has2 in npnt morphants rescues the endocardial, but not the myocardial, expansion...

... proliferation, whereas β-catenin signaling is a required permissive factor for mesenchymal FGF signaling. BMP4 regulates epithelial proliferation through signaling to BMPR1A (ALK3) ( Eblaghie et al., 2006 ; Sun et al., 2008 ). The precise source of BMP4 is controversial. A recent study indicates that Bmp4...

... in the Notch-interaction domain of Jag2 presented a variety of severe dental abnormalities. In molars, the crown morphology was misshapen, with additional cusps being formed. This was due to alterations in the enamel knot, an epithelial signalling structure involved in molar crown morphogenesis, in which Bmp4...

... differentiation. However, it remains unclear when and how BMP signaling executes those different functions during neural commitment. Here, we show that a BMP4-sensitive window exists during ESC neural differentiation. Cells at this specific period correspond to the egg cylinder stage epiblast and can...