...Jaime Alaniz-Fabián; Daoquan Xiang; Gerardo Del Toro-De León; Peng Gao; Cei Abreu-Goodger; Raju Datla; Stewart Gillmor After fertilization in animals, maternal mRNAs and proteins regulate development until the onset of zygotic transcription. In plants, the extent of maternal regulation of early...

...Erika Toda; Shizuka Koshimizu; Atsuko Kinoshita; Tetsuya Higashiyama; Takeshi Izawa; Kentaro Yano; Takashi Okamoto ABSTRACT Upon fertilization, male and female nuclei fuse to form the zygotic nucleus in angiosperms. Karyogamy is considered to be essential for proper embryogenesis; however...

... accumulated following S phase in SMC3-deficient zygotes, followed by mitosis with lagging chromosomes, elongated spindles, micronuclei, and arrest at the two-cell stage. Remarkably, although centromeric cohesion was defective, the dosage of SMC3 was sufficient to enable embryogenesis in juvenile mutant...

... statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. © 2012. Human embryo Oocyte to embryo transition Zygote Cleavage division Blastocyst Human embryonic stem cells Aneuploidy Studies of mammalian embryo development, especially in the mouse, have provided...

...John H. F. Bothwell; Jolanta Kisielewska; Martin J. Genner; Martin R. McAinsh; Colin Brownlee Zygotes of the fucoid brown algae provide excellent models for addressing fundamental questions about zygotic symmetry breaking. Although the acquisition of polarity is tightly coordinated with the timing...

...Takako Tanahashi; Naomi Sumikawa; Masahiro Kato; Mitsuyasu Hasebe After fertilization, the zygote undergoes dynamic changes in chromosomal and cytoplasmic organization, and begins the cell cycles that eventually lead to formation of the multicellular embryo. Specific transcription factors...

... of embryonic axes. Such asymmetries are assumed to arise post- zygotically through interactions between initially naive cells. However, various findings are difficult to reconcile with this view. Here, a consistent relationship between the structure of the blastocyst and the two-cell stage in the mouse has...

... of the motions of cortical and subcortical layers (ER-rich cortical domain and mitochondria-rich domain) with respect to the surface of the zygote. At the end of the meiotic cell cycle we can distinguish up to 5 cortical and cytoplasmic domains (including two novel ones; the vegetal body and a yolk-rich domain...

... persistence of the intercellular bridge formed during its abstriction, and therefore provides an enduring marker of the animal pole of the zygote. Hence, according to the distribution of polar bodies, the axis of bilateral symmetry of the early blastocysts is normally aligned with the animalvegetal axis...