...-26, Japan 19 06 1990 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 Xenopus laevis mesoderm induction mesoderm-inducing factors morphogens XTC-MIF activin A WEHI 3 cells In vertebrates, mesoderm is formed through a series of inductive interactions that take place...

...J. C. Smith; K. Symes; R. O. Hynes; D. DeSimone Exposure of isolated Xenopus animal pole ectoderm to the XTC mesoderm-inducing factor (XTC-MIF) causes the tissue to undergo gastrulation-like movements. In this paper, we take advantage of this observation to investigate the control of various...

... been identified: the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ) types. In this paper, we compare the effects of cloned Xenopus basic FGF (XbFGF) and electophoretically homogeneous XTC-MIF (a TGF- β -like factor obtained from a Xenopus cell line) on animal pole expiants...

...Jonathan Cooke ABSTRACT Certain proteins from ‘growth factor’ families can initiate mesodermal development in animal cap cells of the amphibian blastula. Cells that are in early stages of their response to one such factor, XTC-MIF ( Smith et al . 1988 ), initiate the formation of a new axial body...

.... The evidence includes a discussion of the cell types formed in response to each type of factor, the fact that only XTC-MIF (a member of the TGF-β family) and not bFGF can induce animal pole ectoderm to become Spemann’s organizer, and an analysis of the timing of the gastrulation movements induced...

.... There is evidence that FGF or XTC-MIF alone cannot induce mesodermal cell types: further signals produced by responding cells are also required, but the identity of these is not yet known. It may be the level of these second signals which determines which mesodermal cell types eventually form, and this decision may...