...Andreas Postlmayr; Charles Etienne Dumeau; Anton Wutz ABSTRACT We previously identified the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk8 as a putative silencing factor for Xist . To investigate its role in X inactivation, we engineered a Cdk8 mutation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying an inducible...

...Yuki Sakakibara; Koji Nagao; Marnie Blewitt; Hiroyuki Sasaki; Chikashi Obuse; Takashi Sado ABSTRACT X inactivation in mammals is regulated by epigenetic modifications. Functional deficiency of SmcHD1 has been shown to cause de-repression of X-inactivated genes in post-implantation female mouse...

... for release after 12 months. References Berletch , J. B. , Yang , F. , Xu , J. , Carrel , L. and Disteche , C. M. ( 2011 ). Genes that escape from X inactivation . Hum. Genet.   130 , 237 - 245 . 10.1007/s00439-011-1011-z Berletch , J. B. , Ma , W. , Yang...

... X inactivation Diploidy (from the Greek word diplous, meaning ‘double’) is a term used to denote the existence of two sets of chromosomes within a cell or an organism. Diploid genomes are typical among most living animals, and haploidy (a single set of chromosomes) is generally limited...

... gene silencing. I will discuss observations that challenge the following ideas: that cycles of X inactivation and X reactivation in preimplantation embryos are solely attributable to the modulation of Xist RNA expression; the prevailing view that Xist-mediated silencing is solely attributable...

... authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. 17 2 2011 © 2011. 2011 X inactivation Epigenetic reprogramming Pre-implantation mouse development X-chromosome...

... in mammalian cells, although a recent report described a single example associated with the MafB locus ( Sing et al., 2009 ). In the case of X inactivation, recruitment of PcG proteins is dependent upon the expression of non-coding RNAs ( Plath et al., 2003 ; Silva et al., 2003 ; de Napoles et al., 2004...

... and Xist RNA-mediated silencing remain poorly understood, both at the level of RNA sequence determinants and interacting factors. Here, we describe analysis of a novel targeted mutation, Xist INV , designed to test the function of a conserved region located in exon 1 of Xist RNA during X inactivation...

...Dieter Pullirsch; Renate Härtel; Hiroyuki Kishimoto; Martin Leeb; Günter Steiner; Anton Wutz Mammals compensate X chromosome gene dosage between the sexes by silencing of one of the two female X chromosomes. X inactivation is initiated in the early embryo and requires the non-coding Xist RNA, which...

..., London WC2A 3PX, UK † Present address: The Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK 17 12 2008 © 2009. 2009 Long noncoding RNA Imprinting X inactivation Epigenetic gene silencing Kcnq1ot1 Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have key roles in the regulation of complex...

...Tatsuya Ohhata; Yuko Hoki; Hiroyuki Sasaki; Takashi Sado Expression of Xist , which triggers X inactivation, is negatively regulated in cis by an antisense gene, Tsix , transcribed along the entire Xist gene. We recently demonstrated that Tsix silences Xist through modification of the chromatin...

...) -either improper imprinting or improper erasure could lead to unusual patterns of inheritance (as in the fragile-X syndrome) or fitness effects skipping generations. Copyright © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 X inactivation mealybugs evolution of sex anisogamy By imprinting we...