...Marissa L. Gredler; Ashley W. Seifert; Martin J. Cohn Congenital anomalies frequently occur in organs that undergo tubulogenesis. Hypospadias is a urethral tube defect defined by mislocalized, oversized, or multiple openings of the penile urethra. Deletion of Fgfr2 or its ligand Fgf10 results...

... of this ontology pertaining to mouse LUT, genital tubercle and associated reproductive structures (E10.5 to adult). Ontology changes were based on recently published insights into the cellular and gross anatomy of these structures, and on new analyses of epithelial cell types present in the pelvic urethra...

... of anogenital malformations in humans. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 23 9 2009 © 2009. 2009 Anorectal malformation (ARM) Cloaca External genitalia Urethra Hypospadias Sonic hedgehog Mammals develop separate anorectal and urogenital canals by septation...

..., the embryonic anlage of external genitalia, the genital tubercle (GT), is morphologically identical in both sexes. Although congenital external genitalia malformations represent the second most common birth defect in humans, the genetic pathways governing early external genitalia development and urethra...

[email protected] ) 27 7 2001 © 2001. 2001 External genitalia Shh Fgf Bmp Genital tubercle Urethra Hypospadias Mouse The molecular mechanism that underlies the morphogenesis of external genitalia in mammals is poorly known. The genital tubercle (GT) constitutes the anlage...