... are still poorly understood. We show that inactivating Twist1 in the primitive meninges causes cortical folding in mice. Cell proliferation in the meninges is reduced, causing loss of arachnoid fibroblasts that express Raldh2, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis. Regionalized loss of Raldh2...

... mutations in either of the bHLH transcription factors TWIST1 and TCF12 . Although compound heterozygous Tcf12 ; Twist1 mice display severe coronal synostosis, the individual role of Tcf12 had remained unexplored. Here, we show that Tcf12 controls several key processes in calvarial development, including...

... gastrulation. The transcription factors Snail2 (Slug), Snail1 and Twist1 are expressed in this region. It is known that Snail2 and Twist1 are required for both mesoderm formation and neural crest induction. Using targeted blastomere injection, morpholino-based loss of function and explant studies, we show...

...Man-Chun Ting; Nancy L. Wu; Paul G. Roybal; Jingjing Sun; Liqiong Liu; Youzhen Yen; Robert E. Maxson, Jr Heterozygous loss of Twist1 function causes coronal synostosis in both mice and humans. We showed previously that in mice this phenotype is associated with a defect in the neural crest-mesoderm...

... neural crest (CNC) cell proliferation Differentiation Frontal bone development DLX5 FGFR TGFβ Twist1 Mouse Skull vault malformations are a major group of congenital birth defects in humans. The cranial neural crest (CNC), a population of multipotent embryonic progenitor...