... boosting nutrient absorption ( Silva et al., 2022 ). mRNA-specific localized translation can be achieved by inhibiting or promoting translation of specific mRNA molecules at particular sites. For example, in Drosophila melanogaster , caudal mRNA is translationally active only at the posterior side...

...Chisato Kunitomi; Mayra Romero; Enrico Maria Daldello; Karen Schindler; Marco Conti ABSTRACT The RNA-binding protein cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding 1 (CPEB1) plays a fundamental role in regulating mRNA translation in oocytes. However, the specifics of how and which protein kinase...

.... , Allard , P. , Carminati , E. , Kontogiannea , M. , Talarico , D. , Blasi , F. , Farookhi , R. and Verrotti , A. C. ( 2006 ). Clast4, the murine homologue of human eIF4E-Transporter, is highly expressed in developing oocytes and post-translationally modified at meiotic...

... period termed meiotic prophase. In Drosophila males, meiotic prophase lasts 3.5 days, during which spermatocytes upregulate over 1800 genes and grow 25-fold. Previous work has shown that the cell cycle regulator Cyclin B (CycB) is subject to translational repression in immature spermatocytes, mediated...

... construct but not in the construct lacking CPE ( Fig. 4D ). These results suggest that the CCR4–NOT complex may target the CPE sequence to suppress translational activation of CPE-containing mRNAs by shortening their poly(A) tails. Fig. 4. Genes with CPE in their 3′UTRs are translationally activated...

...) ( Ramalho et al., 2020 ). However, both erm-1[T544A] mRNA and wild-type erm-1 mRNA failed to concentrate at the apical membrane. Together, this suggests that in polarized cells the T544-dependent movement of ERM-1 protein from the basolateral to apical membranes occurs post-translationally, leaving...

..., and revealed four modes of translational selectivity: (1) selective translation of non-abundant mRNAs; (2) active, but modest translation of a selection of highly expressed mRNAs; (3) translationally suppressed abundant to moderately abundant mRNAs; and (4) mRNAs associated specifically with monosomes...

... on translationally repressed mRNAs with short polyA-tails ( Kim and Richter, 2007 ). This suggests that mRNAs bound by the Zar1l RNP could potentially be controlled by regulated polyadenylation during later developmental states. In addition to the aforementioned proteins, many of the identified Zar1l interaction...

...Mansour Aboelenain; Karen Schindler ABSTRACT Mammalian oocytes are transcriptionally quiescent, and meiosis and early embryonic divisions rely on translation of stored maternal mRNAs. Activation of these mRNAs is mediated by polyadenylation. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding element 1 (CPEB1...

... of the expression domain in nc14 ( Fig. 7 A). SunTag-hb mRNAs are still present in the anterior in nc14, but ∼95% are not being translated, suggesting that they are being translationally repressed. In addition to the highest number of SunTag-hb mRNA translation sites being detected at nc13, analysis...

... Translation Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder resulting from progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. The relatively focal degeneration makes it a good candidate for cell-based therapies. Since the first clinical trials using fetal...

...Nathalie Oulhen; S. Zachary Swartz; Jessica Laird; Alexandra Mascaro; Gary M. Wessel Stem cells in animals often exhibit a slow cell cycle and/or low transcriptional activity referred to as quiescence. Here, we report that the translational activity in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the sea...

.... In addition to highlighting some unique aspects of human biology, the meeting also showcased how successful research programs in developmental biology can lead to encouraging translational results when researchers are inspired by both basic and clinical problems. Chemically defined culture conditions have...

... is essential for: (1) general mRNA translation during embryogenesis, (2) developmental re-programming upon manipulations to the embryo and (3) larval wound healing. We also learned that Vasa interacted with mRNAs in the perinuclear area and at the spindle in an Importin-dependent manner during cell cycle...

... of which can lead to developmental defects and disease. Here, we examine the spectrum of molecular mechanisms controlling Hox gene expression in model vertebrates and invertebrates and find that a diverse range of mechanisms, including nuclear dynamics, RNA processing, microRNA and translational regulation...

... differentiation and partners with the serine/threonine kinase Fused to reduce levels of the Dpp receptor Tkv in cystoblasts ( Casanueva and Ferguson, 2004 ; Xia et al., 2010 ). The TRIM-NHL domain protein Brat also functions in cystoblasts, serving to translationally repress Mad expression ( Harris et al., 2011...

.... PUF proteins Caenorhabditis Evolution Translation Germ cells Hermaphroditism In convergent evolution, different lineages acquire similar phenotypes independently. However, the extent to which key modifications to development and physiology are reproduced in convergent...

...Solenn Patalano; Marija Mihailovich; Yaiza Belacortu; Nuria Paricio; Fátima Gebauer Dosage compensation in Drosophila melanogaster involves the assembly of the MSL-2-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC) on the single X chromosome of male flies. Translational repression of msl-2 mRNA blocks...

...Charles R. Tessier; Kendal Broadie Fragile X Syndrome (FraX) is a broad-spectrum neurological disorder with symptoms ranging from hyperexcitability to mental retardation and autism. Loss of the fragile X mental retardation 1 ( fmr1 ) gene product,the mRNA-binding translational regulator FMRP...

... translation. The molecular basis of how the translation of mRNAs encoding guidance proteins could be closely tied to the pace of cytoskeletal assembly is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the F-actin-microtubule crosslinker Short stop (Shot) is required for motor and sensory axon extension...