...Niki Anthoney; Istvan Foldi; Alicia Hidalgo ABSTRACT The membrane receptor Toll and the related Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are best known for their universal function in innate immunity. However, Toll/TLRs were initially discovered in a developmental context, and recent studies have revealed...

...Maira Arruda Cardoso; Marcio Fontenele; Bomyi Lim; Paulo Mascarello Bisch; Stanislav Y. Shvartsman; Helena Marcolla Araujo ABSTRACT The evolutionarily conserved Toll signaling pathway controls innate immunity across phyla and embryonic patterning in insects. In the Drosophila embryo, Toll...

... of a repulsive cue, Toll. We focused on two neighboring muscles, M12 and M13, which are innervated by distinct motoneurons in Drosophila . We found that Toll , which encodes a transmembrane protein with leucine-rich repeats, was preferentially expressed in M13. In Toll mutants, motoneurons that normally...

...Atish Ganguly; Jin Jiang; Y. Tony Ip The maternal Toll signaling pathway sets up a nuclear gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal in the early Drosophila embryo. Dorsal activates twist and snail , and the Dorsal/Twist/Snail network activates and represses other zygotic genes to form...

... expression analysis to identify genes differentially expressed in FCs and FCMs. We employed embryos derived from Toll 10b mutants to obtain primarily muscleforming mesoderm, and expressed activated forms of Ras or Notch to induce FC or FCM fate, respectively. The transcripts present in embryos of each...

...Baohe Shen; James L. Manley The Drosophila Pelle kinase plays a key role in the evolutionarily conserved Toll signaling pathway, but the mechanism responsible for its activation has been unknown. We present in vivo and in vitro evidence establishing an important role for concentration-dependent...

...Gang Chen; Klaus Handel; Siegfried Roth ABSTRACT In the long-germ insect Drosophila melanogaster dorsoventral polarity is induced by localized Toll-receptor activation which leads to the formation of a nuclear gradient of the rel/ NF-κB protein Dorsal. Peak levels of nuclear Dorsal are found...

...Baohe Shen; James L. Manley ABSTRACT Determination of dorsal/ventral polarity in Drosophila requires 12 genetically defined, maternally encoded proteins. These include Toll, a transmembrane receptor, Pelle, a ser/thr protein kinase and Tube, all of which function intracytoplasmically to initiate...

...Jennifer A. Schisa; Sidney Strickland ABSTRACT Toll encodes a receptor that is critical for dorsal-ventral patterning in the early Drosophila embryo. Previous data have suggested that the accumulation of Toll protein in the embryo temporally correlates with elongation of the poly (A) tail...

...David N. Edwards; Par Towb; Steven A. Wasserman ABSTRACT A signaling pathway active on the ventral side of the Drosophila embryo defines dorsoventral polarity. A cell surface signal relayed by Toll, Tube and Pelle releases the Rel-related protein Dorsal from its cytoplasmic inhibitor Cactus; free...

...Demian Rose; Xiaomao Zhu; Hiroyuki Kose; Bao Hoang; John Cho; Akira Chiba ABSTRACT Toll, a transmembrane molecule with extracellular leucine-rich repeats, is dynamically expressed by the Drosophila embryonic musculature. Growth cones of RP3 and other motoneurons normally grow past Toll-positive...

...Rene L. Galindo; David N. Edwards; Susan K. H. Gillespie; Steven A. Wasserman ABSTRACT Within the Drosophila embryo, tube and the protein kinase pelle transduce an intracellular signal generated by the transmembrane receptor Toll. This signal directs import of the rel-related protein dorsal...

... activity, has the properties predicted for a ligand for the transmembrane receptor encoded by the Toll gene. Using a bioassay to follow activity, we purified a 24×10 3 M r protein that has polarizing activity. The purified protein is recognized by antibodies to the C-terminal half of the Spätzle protein...

... motifs see Fig. 7. The Genbank submission number for 18w is L23171. Fig. 7. Deduced structure of 18W and comparison of Toll and 18W domains. (A) Comparison of 18W and Toll protein. Schematic representation of the 18W and Toll proteins. Since many extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) have a rod...

...Siegfried Roth The establishment of the dorsal-ventral pattern in Drosophila embryos depends on a signal transduction process: a putative extracellular ligand released into the perivitelline space surrounding the embryo binds to the Toll receptor. Toll activation triggers the formation...